Blakereimer6397
As the use of powered two-wheeler (PTW) becomes increasingly prevalent, PTW accidents are emerging as a major threat to the people's life and property in China. Understanding the risky behaviors, psychological failures and kinematics in vehicle-to-PTW accidents is an important first step in addressing this issue. Here 69 vehicle-to-PTW accidents captured on video from the Traffic Accident Investigation and Research in China (TAIRC) database are selected and reconstructed. All accidents are categorized into different crash scenarios using a harmonized method. Accident causations are identified from the perspectives of praxeology and psychology. Kinematics characteristics, such as impact speed and relative position, are also analyzed. The results show the crossing accident bundle is the most frequent followed by rear, oncoming and run-up accident bundles, with proportions of 43.48 %, 27.54 %, 11.59 % and 17.39 % respectively. Accident causations of different crash scenarios have great differences whether in accrmeasures and advanced driver assistance system.
Choledochal cysts (CC) are rare cystic dilatation of the biliary trees. Malignancy is one of the important significant findings in CC and its incidence increases with age. Associated squamous cell carcinoma of the choledochal cyst is an uncommon pathological finding.
We present a 21-year-old male diagnosed with type 1 CC and planned for excision of the cystic dilated extrahepatic biliary tract with hepaticojejunal anastomosis in Roux-en-Y but underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy due to intraoperative palpable mass of CC which was adhered to the duodenum and pancreatic head. Histopathology of the excised specimen revealed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the choledochal cyst.
CC represents a rare biliary cystic disease. Though infrequent, malignant transformation in CC includes cholangiocarcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and rarely SCC. The post-operative management for SCC in CC is ill-defined and carries a grave prognosis.
The choledochal cyst should be completely excised wherever possible to avoid the possible malignant transformation in CC including SCC.
The choledochal cyst should be completely excised wherever possible to avoid the possible malignant transformation in CC including SCC.
Acute subdural hematoma in infants is often due to non-accidental causes such as shaken baby syndrome or abuse. Occasionally a rupture of the cerebral bridge veins after ventricular puncture can lead to a subdural hematoma in infant. In this article we report the very first case of acute subdural hematoma after ventricular puncture of cerebrospinal fluid.
It is a 40-day-old male infant received at the pediatric emergency room for an infectious syndrome. An etiological assessment was carried out including a ventricular puncture of the cerebrospinal fluid. Two days after the puncture, the child develops a sudden alteration of consciousness during hospitalization, with a Blantyre coma score of 3/5. The CT scan performed showed a right subdural parieto-temporal hematoma associated with a right fronto-temporal parietal parenchymal hypodensity. A right temporo-parietal decompressive craniectomy was performed with evacuation of the acute subdural hematoma. Clinical improvement was obtained and the child was discharged after 3 weeks of hospitalization.
Acute subdural hematoma post ventricular puncture is rarely reported in the literature. The mechanism would probably be a rupture of the bridging veins by sudden collapse of the parenchyma following rapid and excessive aspiration of cerebrospinal fluid. Its management is medico-surgical. This manuscript further demonstrates the importance of mastering the ventricular puncture technique which must be performed by an experienced neurosurgeon.
The ventricular puncture remains a delicate gesture which must be carried out by a qualified neurosurgeon because of the risks of complications such as an acute subdural hematoma.
The ventricular puncture remains a delicate gesture which must be carried out by a qualified neurosurgeon because of the risks of complications such as an acute subdural hematoma.
Inflammation-related processes have emerged as a biological pathway related to adolescent development. This study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of baseline inflammatory markers with sleep, circadian preference, and health at baseline and following treatment.
Participants included 165 adolescents (58.2% female, mean age 14.7 years, 42.4% taking medication) "at-risk" in at least one domain (emotional, cognitive, behavioral, social, and physical health) who received a sleep-based intervention. Self-reported eveningness as well as total sleep time (TST) and bedtime from sleep diary were assessed at baseline and following treatment. Baseline soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 (sTNF-R2) and interleukin (IL)-6 were assayed from oral mucosal transudate. Baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) was assayed from saliva.
At baseline, shorter TST was associated with more emotional risk among adolescents with higher CRP (b=-0.014, p=0.007). Greater eveningness was related to more behavioral ratment response to a sleep-based intervention.Vicarious learning represents a far-reaching value for the survival of social animals. Adrenal hormones are known to affect many forms of learning, yet the roles of adrenal hormones in vicarious learning remain unexplored. This study was undertaken to assess whether observation-stimulated corticosterone (CORT) secretion may affect the magnitude of a vicarious fear conditioning. Mouse observers were individually subjected to an observational compartment next to the training compartment wherein three their cage-mate demonstrators received (1) 5 days of 15 randomly-scheduled footshocks (0.5 mA, 2 s in duration over a 30 min session) (G1); (2) a 30-min presentation of vanilla odors (G2); or (3) footshock delivery and vanilla odors in combination (G3). Demonstrator mice receiving G3 training session and their respective observer mice were found to exhibit greater training-induced and slightly greater observation-stimulated CORT secretion, greater vanilla odors-induced fear responses (FR) and conditioned place aversion (CPA), as compared with the observers vicariously learning from demonstrators receiving G1 or G2 sessions. Observers held in their home cages during demonstrators' trainings and those receiving null demonstrator (No Demonstrator) failed to exhibit vanilla odors-induced FR. Moreover, observers undergoing adrenalectomy (ADX) and G3 sessions exhibited lower vanilla odors-induced FR and CPA as compared to sham surgical (Sham) observers observing G3 sessions. Furthermore, systemic metyrapone injections (50 and 100 mg/kg) prior to daily vicarious G3 training session resulted in decreases in vanilla odors-induced FR and CPA magnitudes in observers. Finally, CORT (1 mg/kg)-pretreated G2 observers failed to display odors-induced FR escalation. These results, taken together, suggest that observation-stimulated CORT secretion is necessary for reliable establishment of vicarious fear conditioning in observer mice.Apple pomace valuation has been impaired by its high perishability and absence of fast drying approaches demanded by industry. This work aimed to assess the feasibility of Microwave Hydrodiffusion and Gravity (MHG) process applied for apple pomace drying using discrete delivery powers (300-900 W) and comparison with hot-air drying (40-100 °C). To dry 0.4 kg of apple pomace (81% moisture), hot-air drying required 3.6-9.9 h with estimated water evaporation flux of 1.0-3.5 mL/min. For MHG, which processed 1.2 kg, these corresponded to 1.0-2.6 h and 5.1-13.9 mL/min. Furthermore, MHG allowed water recovery containing part of apple pomace phenolic compounds and carbohydrates. EPZ015666 mouse The dried pomace was stable for 2 years, after which phenolic compounds and polysaccharides were still recoverable by hot water extractions. These results pave the way for MHG to be used for apple pomace and other by-products preservation, boosting their conversion into valuable co-product for valuation of its components.In this study, Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) were modified to simulate anaerobic digestion (AD) process of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and five lignocellulosic substrates, with the goal of predicting the hydrolysis rates of holocellulose fractions in environments with and without lignin inhibition. After model verification, the hydrolysis rate constant of MCC, i.e., the hydrolyzability of cellulose without lignin inhibition, was 3.227 d-1, while those of the holocellulose fractions of five lignocellulosic substrates (I_khyd) were in the range of 1.270 d-1 to 3.364 d-1 (average of 2.242 d-1), which demonstrated remarkable suppression of holocellulose hydrolysis by lignin. Lignin inhibition index (LII) was proposed as an indicator to intuitively quantify and characterize the lignin inhibitory strength in a specific substrate. A series of factors with the potential to affect the LII were analyzed sequentially. This study provides an advanced understanding of the participation and behavior of lignin in the AD process.Biomass wastes exhibit a great potential to be used as a source of non-depleting renewable energy and synthesis of value-added products. The key to the valorization of excess lignocellulosic biomass wastes in the world lies on the pretreatment process to recalcitrant barrier of the lignocellulosic material for the access to useful substrates. A wide range of pretreatment techniques are available and advances in this field is continuously happening, in search for cheap, effective, and environmentally friendly methods. This review starts with an introduction to conventional approaches and green solvents for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Subsequently, the mechanism of actions along with the advantages and disadvantages of pretreatment techniques were reviewed. The roles of choline chloride (ChCl) in green solvents and their potential applications were also comprehensively reviewed. The collection of ideas in this review serve as an insight for future works or interest on biomass-to-energy conversion using green solvents.In this study, simultaneous removal of nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO43-) and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from wastewater was investigated using a novel integrated filtration unit consisting of adsorbent based permeable reactive barrier (AB-PRB) and biosorption based photobioreactor (BSB-PBR). AB-PRB was comprising a mixture of low-cost adsorbents in an optimum proportion, whereas BSB-PBR carried C. vulgaris microalgae cultivated in controlled environment. The batch analysis for AB-PRB showed maximum removal efficiency of 95.7% and 98.0% for NO3- and PO43-, at pH-6, whereas 84.0% for Cr(VI) at pH-4. However, continuous flow study showed decreasing trend in removal efficiency of NO3-, PO43- and Cr(VI) with increasing flow rate from 10 ml min-1 to 30 ml min-1. Further, in BSB-PBR, maximum removal of 98.2% was achieved for Cr(VI) of 1.0 mg L-1 initial concentration at 3.3 days of hydraulic retention time (HRT). This study provides a novel integrated remediation approach for efficient removal of unlike contaminants.
