Blairtang0779

The characteristic results reveal that the SERS-imprinted membrane exhibits satisfactory hydrophilicity, and it can effectively degrade the pollutant molecules absorbed on its surface under ultraviolet light illumination. It is proved from the detection results that the LOD of WADP-MIMs for L-tyrosine reached 10-9 mol L-1 when the concentration of L-tyrosine changed between 10-3-10-9 mol L-1. The correlation coefficient (R2) is 0.994 and the limit of detection is 10-9 mol L-1. Meanwhile, it can be applied for the selective detection of L-tyrosine in mixture samples. Overall, this study presents a novel approach for the hydrophilic modification and pollution resistance enhancement of PVDF-based SERS imprinted membrane, which can be effectively utilized for the selective detection of practical samples.Although composting techniques are continuously optimised and adjusted, the removal of bacterial pathogen based on the quality of composting products needs further to ensure safe of agricultural use. In this study, we combined aerobic composting and anaerobic process to determine the optimal combination (turning frequency of once a day, the proportion of swine manure to corn straw (31), and mixed 6-day anaerobic process) that benefits the reduction of bacterial pathogens, among which the maximum removal efficiency of up to 92.96% was observed for Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 reached, thereby improving the quality of the compost products. The variation partition analysis and redundancy analysis indicated that physicochemical factors such as temperature, TOC, and pH significantly affected the removal of bacterial pathogens. Therefore, the additive effects of physicochemical factors on bacterial pathogen removal requires further process optimisation. These findings offer powerful technological support for improving agricultural waste recycling and enhancing the safety of fertiliser application.The feasibility of pyrite as catalysts in the persulfate oxidation and electron donor for subsequent bacterial denitrification was investigated. The results demonstrated that pyrite-activated persulfate oxidation could efficiently degrade the organic matter in the effluent of biological landfill leachate treatment system, and COD removal efficiency of about 45% was achieved at the optimum parameters pH = 6, pyrite dosage = 9.28 mM, dimensionless oxidant dose = 0.25. Among the dissolved organic matter, hydrophobic dissolved organic carbon (HO DOC), humic acids and building blocks were the main components. After the pyrite-activated persulfate oxidation, humic acids and HO DOC were primarily degraded, followed by building blocks, while low molecular weight neutrals were probably the degradation products. In the subsequent biological process, nitrate reduction was satisfactorily accomplished with autotrophic denitrification as the main pathway. When the influent nitrate concentration was about 180 mg L-1, the effluent nitrate concentration was stable below 20 mg L-1 with the nitrogen removal rate of about 108 mg L-1 d-1. To sum up, the pyrite-activated persulfate oxidation and the following biological denitrification was a feasible application in the effluent of biological landfill leachate treatment system.We investigated the influence of mature of oak trees of various dimensions on soil properties, acorn and oak seedling characteristics in semi-arid forests in western Iran. A total of 24 oak trees were selected in comparable site conditions according to three size categories small trees (DBH 50 cm). Soil properties, light availability below canopy, acorn dimensions and weight, various below- and above-ground seedling morphological traits were measured. Besides, a seedling quality index (SQI) was also produced as an integrative measure of the seedling response. We found an increasing light availability from small trees to large trees (1512-103 μmol m-2 s-1) and soil fertility was largely improved from small trees to large trees soil organic carbon (1.33-2.2%), available phosphorus (12.9-18.1 ppm) and potassium (301.2-470.4 ppm). However, soil properties did not significantly differ between medium and large trees. In contrast, acorn weight and dimensions as well as many seedling traits, including the aerial and belowground biomass and the SQI, were the highest in the medium tree category. To fully explore the relationships among our large set of variables, we produced a partial least square path model which explained 72% of the variation of SQI across the three tree classes. To conclude, we identified a clear effect by mature trees which provided favourable conditions for seedling establishment, but that effect was mediated by tree size and optimal conditions were found below the canopy of medium trees.Water shortage poses a great challenge to the health of population and environment and impedes socio-economic development. Therefore, a comprehensive model is necessary to promote the adaptation of the whole socio-economic system to limited water resources. To achieve it, a sustainable conjunctive water management model (SCWM) was developed. In SCWM, direct (physical) and indirect (virtual or embodied) water consumptions of multiple water resources in future scenarios are projected, and the sustainable performances of various water-saving scenarios are quantified from the perspectives of water resources, economy, and ecosystem under water capping policy. A case study of Shaanxi, a typical water shortage province in central-eastern China, is conducted aimed at conquering the irrational use of surface- and ground-water subjected to the constraint of future total water use quota. MK-2206 cell line Key findings contain optimal possibility of adapting water shortage via saving water through increasing industrial water efficiency toly brings insights to Shaanxi's water management but also can be used for other similar arid area.A comprehensive understanding of the qualitative and quantitative similarities and distinctions between the nutrient system of human milk and infant formula is critical in developing infant formulas. However, a holographic comparison method has not been intensively developed to measure the degree of humanization of infant formulas. Consequently, discriminative biomarkers affecting the degree of humanization of infant formulas have not been extensively investigated. This study compiled a milk nutrient molecular dataset, and then presented a new method to identify the degree of humanization of infant formula. The molecular information was converted into a matrix, and then the degree of humanization was elucidated according to the matrix correlation, PCA and OPLS-DA. Compared with infant formulas 2 and 3, infant formula 1 showed the highest degree of humanization at 0.9563. Furthermore, we reported many discriminative biomarkers, such as His, Leu, and Thr, which have not been found in other studies.Herein, the effects of vacuum freeze-drying treatment of tilapia skin on the properties of skin, the molecular properties of extracted gelatins, and the emulsion stabilization properties of extracted gelatins were studied. The results suggested that all the bound, entrapped, and free water molecules were simultaneously sublimated (quickly at the first 30 min and then slowly) by sublimation in the vacuum freeze-drying process. Long vacuum freeze-drying times (60 and 150 min) decreased the amount of the four bands in SDS-PAGE pattern, increased β-sheet and random coil percentages, and decreased other three secondary structure percentages of extracted gelatins. Finally, vacuum freeze-drying of tilapia skin increased the emulsion stability of fish oil-loaded oil-in-water emulsions. This work provided basic knowledges to illustrate the effect of vacuum freeze-drying of protein-enriched tissues on the molecular and functional properties of extracted proteins. It also provided a potential route to increase the emulsion stabilization ability of proteins.Effects of age on postmortem redox states were investigated in yak muscles. Extended postmortem time reduced the muscle antioxidant capacity and induced oxidation in lipids, myoglobin, and proteins. Compared with older yaks, muscles of younger ones could delay this oxidation process due to lower initial myoglobin content of 30.7%, lipid peroxidation of 42.4%, H2O2 of 41.2%, and intramuscular fat of 65.6% (of 3.66 times higher PUFAs). They also possessed greater antioxidase content/activity, such as phospholipase A2 content of 30.7% and glutathione reductase activity of 50.6%. Muscles exhibited age-specific overall antioxidative characteristics during 72 h postmortem and gradually formed overall oxidative ones after 72 h postmortem with an initial similarity between 2- and 4-year (or 6- and 12-year) on canonical discriminant analyses. The formation of age-specific overall oxidative characteristics can be attributable to the antioxidative specificity of age on canonical correlation analyses. Age-specific redox characteristics required differentiated preference in meat processing and preservation.Several studies have confirmed the reduction of starch digestibility with anthocyanins in food systems via mechanisms of enzyme inhibition. However, starch-polyphenol interactions may also contribute to this reduction, by modifying food microstructures and physicochemical properties of starch. The interactions among anthocyanins, starch digestibility, and food microstructures are significant to clarify the digestion processes of fortified food systems, but its interrelationship lacks clarity. Hence, we aim to evaluate the effects of black rice anthocyanin extract (BRAE) incorporation on the microstructural changes of wheat bread, in relation to overall digestibility. Overall, BRAE incorporation demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in starch digestibility. Physicochemical analyses reflected that BRAE incorporation decreased starch gelatinisation and increased crystallinity. Microscopic imaging revealed differentiating microstructural characteristics of starch and gluten with BRAE incorporation, supporting the reduction in digestibility. Our results conclusively demonstrate that BRAE incorporation in bread suppresses starch digestibility not only through enzyme inhibition, but also food microstructural modifications.Edible fungi have high nutritional value and great potential. Confusion among edible fungi species, and foodborne diseases due to toadstool poisoning or death induced by inadvertent consumption exist across the world. Therefore, edible fungi must be accurately identified. Based on different substances in edible fungi, there are different detection methods, and the same method can use different identification technology. Sensory identification methods include morphological and odor methods. Instrumental analysis methods based on chemical composition include chromatographic, mass spectrometry and spectral technology. Molecular biology identification methods based on nucleic acids include molecular marker technology, sequencing technology, isothermal amplification technology and endogenous reference gene method. Method is channel, and technology is the means. The principles, advantages, disadvantages and applications of various identification techniques and detection methods were discussed in this work to provide reference for the identification research of edible fungi and technical support for preventing food safety incidents caused by toadstools.