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When alcohol-related liver disease occurs, the number and composition ratio of intestinal microorganisms will accordingly change. The alcohol-induced changes in the intestinal microbiota play a pivotal role in the process of developing the alcohol-related liver disease through the translocation of microbial products due to increased intestinal permeability. In recent years, therapeutic interventions with a concentration on regulating intestinal microbiota have been conducted for patients with alcohol-related liver disease. We aimed to provide a critical review and updates on the prevention and treatment of alcohol-related liver disease through regulating intestinal microbiota. A literature search was performed on the PubMed database for studies published in English about the therapeutic intervention with microbiota using animal models and patients with alcohol-related liver disease (1/2010-4/2020). The accumulating pieces of evidence suggest that the therapeutic use of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, phages, or fecal microbial transplantation may have several influences on alcohol-related liver disease patients. Emergent data unveiled that these interventions can further regulate the composition of intestinal microbiota, minimize the negative impact of microbiota on the liver, and prevent disease progression from mild to severe alcoholic hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, or even liver cancer. The current review provides updates on the advances of therapeutic interventions with the effects of regulating intestinal microbiota on patients who have alcohol-related liver disease. In addition, the data gaps and research directions on further exploration of the role of intestinal microbiota for the management of the alcohol-related liver disease are also discussed.Background/Aims. Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a form of functional renal failure arising in advanced cirrhosis and is characterized by a poor survival rate. Anemia is frequently observed during the clinical course of cirrhosis. Our study aimed to investigate the hematologic findings in patients with cirrhosis to determine the effects of anemia on renal functions in type 2 HRS and if it was a potential aggravating factor. Materials and Methods. This prospective study, in which all consecutive patients with cirrhosis were enrolled, was performed at a tertiary-level hospital (Military Hospital of Tunis) from January 2019 to June 2019. A total of 9 patients with HRS fulfilled the type 2 HRS diagnostic criteria, and 41 patients with cirrhosis without HRS were included. All data regarding patients were obtained from the medical record. Demographic data, routine hemograms, biochemical, and urinary test results were collected. Models of end-stage liver disease (MELD) and Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) scores were calculated. Results. The most common etiology of cirrhosis was viral hepatitis (66%). According to the CTP score, 23 patients were in the CTP-A stage, 13 in the CTP-B stage, and 14 patients were in the CTP-C stage. Patients with type 2 HRS had significantly lower hemoglobin levels compared with non-HRS stable cirrhosis patients. As hemoglobin levels decreased, renal function worsened on patients with type 2 HRS. Patients with lower hemoglobin levels had poor prognosis and survival compared with patients with higher hemoglobin levels. Logistic regression analysis showed that lower hemoglobin levels and higher MELD and CTP scores were statistically significant for an onset of type 2 HRS. Conclusion. Renal dysfunction is a frequent complication in patients with end-stage chronic liver disease. The role of anemia in aggravating HRS in patients with cirrhosis is explained by hypoxia that can lead to microcirculatory renal ischemia. Other studies are required to determine if anemia is a precipitant factor for HRS or not.Background In health care systems the organizational learning is a continuous process to improve actions through better knowledge and detect or correct errors. This study examines the validity and reliability of the Dimensions of Learning Organization Questionnaire in addition to the applicability of the instrument in a Greek health care cultural context. Design and methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in 6 general hospitals of Attica and the sampling scheme was the stratified sampling. Questionnaires were distributed to 487 healthcare professionals and 380 valid questionnaires were returned. The research tool used in this survey is the extensive form of DLOQ, which has been adapted and translated into Greek language. Data analysis was carried out with SPSS 25. Results Three leading experts of the health sector examined the face validity assessment of the translated DLOQ and stated that it is characterized by high face validity. As regard construct validity of the DOLQ throughout Multitrait-Multimethod Matrix, was proved that all the variables of the same factors are statistically significantly correlated (p less then 0.001), and their correlation coefficients have moderate to high power ranging between 0.563 and 0.798. Moreover, the discriminant validity was demonstrated as certain correlation coefficients between variables of different factors were found to be higher than of certain correlation coefficients between variables of the same factors. read more The internal consistency among the items of the DOLQ range between 0.842 and 0.977 and they are considered to be good to excellent. Conclusions Our results confirmed that DLOQ is a valuable tool in measuring Learning Organizational in Greek public hospitals.This paper discusses the use of advanced mathematical tools in nursing research, such as mathematical models used in medicine for description and prediction of experimental tumor growth. They are rarely used in nursing research, but fortunately in the last decade, their use is increased, mainly due to artificial intelligence and Big Data, with great benefits for further nursing development. Therefore, a strong interaction between nurses and mathematicians is needed to improve nursing research, and consequently, the nurses' performance in daily work.Background One of modifiable risk factors of diabetes is unhealthy diet which is related to obesity. Individuals with childhood obesity are at higher risk of adulthood obesity. School-based diabetes prevention programs are important to reduce childhood obesity. When resources are limited, evidence-based priority need to be undertaken. However, data related to childhood obesity was not widely available, the study used diabetes-related death records as the proxy of diabetes burden. This study aimed to map and identify geographic variation of diabetes-related mortality rate by school district level in Michigan to be used for policy-relevant information. Design and Methods This study used death records in Michigan. Diabetes-related mortality rate and years potential life lost (YPLL) was calculated at the school district level. Spatial autocorrelation local Moran's I and geographically weighted regression were used to evaluate spatial pattern of age-adjusted diabetes-related mortality rate by school districts. Results The age-adjusted diabetes-related mortality rate ranged from 17.0 (95% CI, 8.6-25.5) to 171.3 (95% CI, 135.9-206.7) deaths per 100,000 population. The YPLL per person ranged from 0 to 19.3 years (95% CI, 15.5-23.1). High rates of diabetes-related mortality rate and YPLL clustered in East central and Southeastern region of Lower Peninsula Michigan including Flint, Kearsley, Beecher, Westwood Heights, Detroit, Ecorse, River Rouge, Taylor, Allen Park and Lincoln Consolidated school districts. Conclusions There was variation in diabetes burden examined by diabetes-related mortality rate and YPLL at the school district level within Michigan State. The high cluster can be prioritized for the intervention programs.Background Stigma is one of the main factors causing pasung (physical restraint or confinement in Indonesian terms) in schizophrenia patients. It is the main obstacle to reducing the number of pasung throughout the world. Thus, there is a need for appropriate interventions to reduce stigma in schizophrenia patients who go through pasung. This study aims to identify multilevel stigma interventions in people with schizophrenia who go through pasung (physical restraint and confinement). link2 It can be applied and adapted to various cultural contexts. Design and Methods Quasi-experimental research with pretest and post-test analysis consists of 82 people with schizophrenia who go through pasung. Respondents were divided into the intervention group and the control group. A multilevel stigma intervention was given to the intervention group for three months. Results There was a significant difference in the average stigma score in the control group (moderate category stigma) and the intervention group (mild category stigma) after multilevel stigma intervention (p-value = 0.04). The average stigma score of schizophrenia patients in the intervention group decreased by 8.2%, while the average stigma score in the control group increase of 20.4%. Conclusions Multilevel stigma interventions are effective in reducing stigma in people with schizophrenia who go through pasung. We underline that multilevel stigma interventions through collaboration from various parties can provide great opportunities in stigma reduction programs in people with schizophrenia who go through pasung.Background. Many cancer survivors experience late effects of cancer treatment and therefore struggle to return to work. Norway provides rehabilitation programs to increase labor force participation for cancer survivors after treatment. However, the extent to which such programs affect labor force participation has not been appropriately assessed. This study aims to investigate i) labor force participation, sick leave and disability rates among cancer survivors up to 10 years after being diagnosed with cancer and identify comorbidities contributing to long-term sick leave or disability pensioning; ii) how type of cancer, treatment modalities, employment sectors and financial- and sociodemographic factors may influence labor force participation; iii) how participation in rehabilitation programs among cancer survivor affect the longterm labor force participation, the number of rehospitalizations and incidence of comorbidities. link3 Design and methods. Information from four medical, welfare and occupational registries in Norway will be linked to information from 163,279 cancer cases (15.68 years old) registered in the Norwegian Cancer Registry from 2004 to 2016. The registries provide detailed information on disease characteristics, comorbidities, medical and surgical treatments, occupation, national insurance benefits and demographics over a 10-year period following a diagnosis of cancer. Expected impact of the study for Public Health. The study will provide important information on how treatment, rehabilitation and sociodemographic factors influence labor force participation among cancer survivors. Greater understanding of work-related risk factors and the influence of rehabilitation on work-participation may encourage informed decisions among cancer patients, healthcare and work professionals and service planners.