Blackburncurry4154

However, when perceived stress was high, higher emotional processing and emotional expression were related to lower depressive symptoms at study entry, but higher emotional processing was associated with increasing depressive symptoms over time. Emotional approach coping processes evidence prospective relations with health outcomes, which are partially conditioned by stress perceptions. Emotional processing appears to have a protective impact against declining physical health. Predictive relationships for depressive symptoms are more complex. Older adults with chronically high perceived stress might benefit from interventions that target emotion-regulating coping processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).The study of deaf users of signed languages, who often experience delays in primary language (L1) acquisition, permits a unique opportunity to examine the effects of aging on the processing of an L1 acquired under delayed or protracted development. A cohort of 107 congenitally deaf adult signers ages 45-85 years who were exposed to American Sign Language (ASL) either in infancy, early childhood, or late childhood were tested using an ASL sentence repetition test. Participants repeated 20 sentences that gradually increased in length and complexity. Logistic mixed-effects regression with the variables of chronological age (CA) and age of acquisition (AoA) was used to assess sentence repetition accuracy. Results showed that CA was a significant predictor, with increased age being associated with decreased likelihood to reproduce a sentence correctly (odds ratio [OR] = 0.56, p = .010). In addition, effects of AoA were observed. Relative to native deaf signers, those who acquired ASL in early childhood were less likely to successfully reproduce a sentence (OR = 0.42, p = .003), as were subjects who learned ASL in late childhood (OR = 0.27, p less then .001). These data show that aging affects verbatim recall in deaf users of ASL and that the age of sign language acquisition has a significant and lasting effect on repetition ability, even after decades of sign language use. These data show evidence for life-span continuity of early life effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Personality traits affect health throughout adulthood. Recent research has demonstrated that attitudes toward own aging (ATOA) also play an important role in various health outcomes. To date, the role of personality versus ATOA for health has rarely been considered in parallel and contrasted for different periods of the second half of life, such as midlife versus early old age. We posit that with advancing age, associations of personality and ATOA with trajectories of health might change. To address this assumption, we examined trajectories of physician-rated health and its between-person and time-varying, within-person associations with personality (neuroticism and conscientiousness) and ATOA over 20 years in middle-aged (baseline age 43-46 years; n = 502) and older (61-65 years; n = 500) adults. Based on longitudinal multilevel regression models (controlling for gender and education), we found at the between-person level that lower neuroticism scores and more positive ATOA scores were independently associated with better physician-rated health at baseline. This association of ATOA with health was stronger in the old age sample than in the midlife sample. At the within-person level, time-varying associations revealed that both middle-aged and older individuals had better physician-rated health on measurement occasions when they reported more favorable ATOA. In addition, in the old age subsample alone, individuals' physician-rated health was better on occasions when they had higher conscientiousness scores. Our findings suggest that certain personality traits (conscientiousness, but not neuroticism) as well as attitudes toward own aging may gain in importance in later life as predictors of objective health changes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Older adults often report memories of past events that are partly false. To date, age differences in memory errors have primarily been examined after a delay of minutes to hours. However, in real-life situations we rely on memories formed days to weeks in the past. We examined associative memory for unrelated scene-word pairs in younger and older adults after 24 hr and 8 days. NMS-873 clinical trial Age differences in memory were magnified after 8 days due to a disproportionate increase in false alarms to rearranged pairs in older adults. In both age groups, the effects of delay were modulated by memory fidelity and whether or not participants had experienced similar events, which potentially caused interference. Older adults were particularly vulnerable to associative memory errors having experienced similar events, even when the initial memory was of high fidelity. We suggest that the fidelity of memory representations in concert with monitoring processes to resolve interference determine how the passage of time affects the propensity to falsely remember details of the past. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).The world is visually complex, yet we can efficiently describe it by extracting the information that is most relevant to convey. How do the properties of real-world scenes help us decide where to look and what to say? Image salience has been the dominant explanation for what drives visual attention and production as we describe displays, but new evidence shows scene meaning predicts attention better than image salience. Here we investigated the relevance of one aspect of meaning, graspability (the grasping interactions objects in the scene afford), given that affordances have been implicated in both visual and linguistic processing. We quantified image salience, meaning, and graspability for real-world scenes. In 3 eyetracking experiments, native English speakers described possible actions that could be carried out in a scene. We hypothesized that graspability would preferentially guide attention due to its task-relevance. In 2 experiments using stimuli from a previous study, meaning explained visual attention better than graspability or salience did, and graspability explained attention better than salience.