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In this paper, we present the findings of a qualitative study aimed at conceptualizing the service needs of aging gay men living with HIV (GMLH). Our analysis is based on interview data from 16 gay-identified men living with HIV, ages 50 and over. Drawing on a framework of intersectionality, which theoretically accounts for interlocking expressions of marginalization in groups affected by multiple systems of oppression, we highlight the practical, social, and mental health needs of this population, as well as services that could be designed or adapted to address these concerns. We also emphasize the relevance of specialized training for caring professionals serving older GMLH, and articulate the need for initiatives that more fully engage gay men aging with HIV in the development and delivery of services intended for their use.Objective Adult gang members have higher substance misuse and Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) prevalence than non-gang involved individuals. The authors aimed to understand UK gang membership demographics and estimate substance misuse and ACE prevalence among a community-based sample of children and young people (CYP) contrasting three groups; gang members, periphery and non-gang involved. Method The authors used the 2006 Offending, Crime and Justice Survey (OCJS) cross-sectional dataset, containing gang involvement, ACE exposure and substance misuse data, sampling 2,443 individuals aged 13-17 years. Gang membership was self-identified. Gang periphery was CYP identifying as gang involved according to the Eurogang Youth survey questionnaire, but not self-identifying as members. Other CYP were non-gang involved. Results Gang periphery participants were significantly more likely to misuse all substance types than non-gang involved CYP. The substance misuse likelihood was greatest for gang peripherals, then members, then non-gang involved. Gang periphery and members were significantly more likely to have been a victim of serious assault, less serious assault, any assault, any violence and to have committed any violent act in the last year than non-gang involved. Conclusions This is the first study comparing ACE exposure and substance misuse prevalence among the UK, community-based CYP sample. Current research highlights younger children with complex needs, including girls, risk gang involvement and requires tailored support to enable safe exit from gangs. Factors relating to gang involvement, ACEs and substance misuse are interlinked and complex, demanding a holistic approach to support across education, children's social services, health and criminal justice settings.Objective The association between creativity and psychopathology has intrigued researchers and recent studies have affirmed genetic and epidemiological links. In particular, epidemiological research highlights the need to study what aspects of the creative individual protect or provide risk for transition to psychosis. Two factors, associated with transition to psychosis, will be investigated, namely anxiety and adverse life events. Method A diverse sample of 110 participants (18-35 years) was examined, including early psychosis (EP), creative professionals who are clinically vulnerable or "at-risk" (ARCC), those with no psychotic symptoms (CC), and non-creative (NCC) participants. Measures of anxiety (DASS) and adverse life events (ALE) were administered to the participants to determine whether these factors were positively or negatively associated with creativity and whether they were able to differentiate the EP from ARCC, CC and NCC participants. Results Creative cognition and achievement were positively correlated with anxiety. The EP and ARCC groups were more closely aligned than expected on measures of anxiety and adverse life events. Childhood sexual/physical assault were the only variables that differentiated these two groups. Conclusions These results provide further support for the association between creative professionals and those with early psychosis. #link# It provides corroborating evidence of the vulnerability of creative individuals who appear to be aligned with the early psychosis group on anxiety, aspects of paranoia and overall trauma. The results provide possible innovative avenues for intervention in EP and ARCC.This study aims to build a scale for musculoskeletal discomfort based on the self-reported musculoskeletal pain by individuals. For this, methods such as factorial analysis and item response theory were used. A sample of 1821 workers of a footwear industry participated in this study. The scale consists of four levels ranging from mild to maximum discomfort. In mild discomfort (level 60), pain symptoms are rare or frequent in regions such as cervical and trapezoidal area, low back, shoulders, wrists, ankles and feet. At level 70, rare or frequent symptoms affect regions of the upper and lower limbs. At level 80, frequent symptoms become common in the trunk and in most of the upper and lower limbs. At level 90, the symptoms become daily in elbows, thighs and knees. The scale showed signs of validity and proved useful for studies in ergonomics. Practitioner Summary Methods such as factor analysis and item response theory were used to build a four-level musculoskeletal discomfort scale that can be useful to complement the screening process for workers with musculoskeletal pain. The scale shows signs of accuracy, in addition to validity and reliability. Abbreviations WMSD work-related musculoskeletal disorders; CTT classic test theory; IRT item response theory; KMO Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin; PR pain rarely; PO pain often; PE pain everyday; DIF differential item functioning.The genus Gliocephalotrichum (Nectriaceae), originally described as a soil-borne fungus, has been associated with postharvest diseases, especially of tropical fruits. Taxonomic studies using both morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses have contributed to recognition of novel species in several countries. However, in Brazil, only three isolates of Gliocephalotrichum have been collected from soil samples and roots since the late 1970s. Our study expands the sample range using many Gliocephalotrichum isolates obtained from rotting fruits of tropical plant species in different states of Brazil. Polyphasic taxonomy was assessed with phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from four nuclear loci, morphological comparisons, and pathogenicity tests. As a result, three known species (G. bulbilium, G. longibrachium, and G. simplex) were identified from new hosts and locations in Brazil. In addition, three new species are described-G. link2 abrachium, G. brasiliense, and G. caryocaris. A key to all Gliocephalotrichum species worldwide is provided. Although species of Gliocephalotrichum have not been considered to be important plant pathogens, this study shows they may cause postharvest fruit rot in tropical fruits and therefore have an impact in communities that depend economically on the harvest and sale of these fruits.Purpose The goal of this study was to establish the perceptual underpinnings of the terms that are commonly used by patients when describing the quality of their tinnitus. Method Using a free-classification method, 15 subjects with normal hearing placed 60 different tinnitus-like sounds into similarity clusters on a grid. Multidimensional scaling, hierarchical clustering, and acoustic analyses were used to determine the acoustic underpinnings of the perceptual dimensions and perceptual similarity. Results Multidimensional scaling revealed three different perceptual dimensions (pitch, modulation depth + spectral elements, and envelope rate). Hierarchical clustering revealed five explicit similarity clusters tonal, steady noise, pulsatile, low-frequency fluctuating noise, and high-frequency fluctuating. Conclusions Results are consistent with tinnitus perceptions falling into a small set of categories that can be characterized by their acoustics. As a result, there is the potential to develop different tools to assess tinnitus using a variety of different sounds.Growing evidence suggests that intimate partner violence (IPV) is a barrier to engagement in HIV care. Bidirectional IPV-being both a perpetrator and victim-may be the most common pattern of IPV, yet no research has examined its effect on engagement in care, which could identify couples in most need of interventions. Married couples (N = 211) with at least one partner on antiretroviral therapy were recruited from HIV clinic waiting rooms in Zomba, Malawi. Partners completed separate surveys on physical, sexual, and emotional IPV, medication adherence, and appointment attendance. We created categorical variables indicating no violence, perpetrator-only, victim-only, and bidirectional violence. Generalized estimating equation regression models tested for associations between IPV and engagement in care. The bidirectional pattern represented 25.4%, 35.5%, and 34.0% of all physical, sexual, and emotional IPV. Physical IPV victimization-only (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.08, 0.92) was associated with lower adherence, but the association was stronger for bidirectional physical IPV (AOR 0.10, 95% CI 0.02, 0.51). Bidirectional sexual IPV was also associated with lower adherence (AOR 0.14, 95% CI 0.02, 0.80). Bidirectional physical IPV (AOR 4.04, 94% CI 1.35, 12.14) and emotional IPV (AOR 3.78, 95% CI 1.78, 8.05) were associated with missing 1+ appointment. Interventions to address the health effects of bidirectional IPV, which may be greater than victim-only or perpetrator-only IPV, should intervene with both partners to break cycles of violence. Couple-based interventions may be a viable option by intervening on both partners' trauma and aggression simultaneously.In countries with bans on tobacco advertising and promotion, tobacco companies have focused their promotional expenditure on business-to-business relationship marketing activities aimed at retailers. However, evidence of such activities has been obtained through secondary sources only, including surveys and interviews with tobacco retailers and analyses of tobacco industry documents. link3 To understand the breadth of promotional strategies employed in the retail sector to enhance tobacco sales, 10 semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of key informants who formerly worked for tobacco companies operating in Australia. A qualitative iterative approach was used to develop a thematic analysis of tobacco brand promotion and retailer marketing. Participants described tobacco retail marketing and promotion strategies that were categorised into three primary themes (1) the provision of financial incentives, such as price promotions, cash payments and rebates; (2) the provision of experiential incentives, such as all-expenses paid vacations, exclusive parties and events, and (3) targeted marketing and education, which enabled retailers to market to consumers on behalf of tobacco companies. LY3475070 had the ultimate objective of increasing market share and driving sales. For countries to comprehensively restrict all tobacco marketing, legislation must be introduced to outlaw these activities in tobacco advertising and promotion legislation.