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inal adverse events was observed in the omega-3 CA group (24.7%) compared with corn oil-treated patients (14.7%).

Among statin-treated patients at high cardiovascular risk, the addition of omega-3 CA, compared with corn oil, to usual background therapies resulted in no significant difference in a composite outcome of major adverse cardiovascular events. These findings do not support use of this omega-3 fatty acid formulation to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events in high-risk patients.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02104817.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02104817.In this paper, we review the current state of phase plate imaging in a transmission electron microscope. We focus especially on the hole-free phase plate design, also referred to as the Volta phase plate. We discuss the implementation, operating principles and applications of phase plate imaging. We provide an imaging theory that accounts for inelastic scattering in both the sample and in the hole-free phase plate.The striatum is the main input structure of the basal ganglia. Distinct striatal subfields are involved in voluntary movement generation and cognitive and emotional tasks, but little is known about the morphological and molecular differences of striatal subregions. The ventrolateral subfield of the striatum (VLS) is the orofacial projection field of the sensorimotor cortex and is involved in the development of orofacial dyskinesias, involuntary chewing-like movements that often accompany long-term neuroleptic treatment. The biological basis for this particular vulnerability of the VLS is not known. Potassium channels are known to be strategically localized within the striatum. In search of possible molecular correlates of the specific vulnerability of the VLS, we analyzed the expression of voltage-gated potassium channels in rodent and primate brains using qPCR, in situ hybridization, and immunocytochemical single and double staining. Here we describe a novel, giant, non-cholinergic interneuron within the VLS. This neuron coexpresses the vesicular GABA transporter, the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV), and the Kv3.3 potassium channel subunit. This novel neuron is much larger than PV neurons in other striatal regions, displays characteristic electrophysiological properties, and, most importantly, is restricted to the VLS. Consequently, the giant striatal Kv3.3-expressing PV neuron may link compromised Kv3 channel function and VLS-based orofacial dyskinesias.Survivors of pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are at risk for impairment in cognitive and academic function. Most research to date has focused on the first years following transplant, and less is known about the long-term effects. We examined global and specific neurocognitive functioning in long-term (>5 years post HCT) survivors in comparison to both normative data and a sample of demographically similar healthy peers. A comprehensive battery of neurocognitive measures was obtained from 83 long-term survivors and 50 healthy comparisons. Analyses were conducted to assess for differences in neurocognitive functions between survivors, normative means, and healthy comparisons, and to examine the impact of medical and demographic variables on neurocognitive performance. BAY 2402234 concentration Survivors' performance was within the Average range across most measures, although significantly lower than both test norms and healthy comparisons on several measures. Despite generally intact neurocognitive functioning in the survivor group as a whole, survivors who experienced graft-vs.-host disease demonstrated slower processing speed and weaker verbal learning. Use of total body irradiation was not associated with any performance-based measure of neurocognitive functioning. Although subgroups of patients may be at relatively higher risk of neurocognitive impairment, the long-term neurocognitive impact for most survivors is relatively small.

The percentage of a maternal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sample that is fetal-derived (the fetal fraction; FF) is a key driver of the sensitivity and specificity of noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS). On certain NIPS platforms, >20% of women with high body mass index (and >5% overall) receive a test failure due to low FF (<4%).

A scalable fetal fraction amplification (FFA) technology was analytically validated on 1264 samples undergoing whole-genome sequencing (WGS)-based NIPS. All samples were tested with and without FFA.

Zero samples had FF < 4% when screened with FFA, whereas 1 in 25 of these same patients had FF < 4% without FFA. The average increase in FF was 3.9-fold for samples with low FF (2.3-fold overall) and 99.8% had higher FF with FFA. For all abnormalities screened on NIPS, z-scores increased 2.2-fold on average in positive samples and remained unchanged in negative samples, powering an increase in NIPS sensitivity and specificity.

FFA transforms low-FF samples into high-FF samples. By combining FFA with WGS-based NIPS, a single round of NIPS can provide nearly all women with confident results about the broad range of potential fetal chromosomal abnormalities across the genome.

FFA transforms low-FF samples into high-FF samples. By combining FFA with WGS-based NIPS, a single round of NIPS can provide nearly all women with confident results about the broad range of potential fetal chromosomal abnormalities across the genome.

To describe the associations of baseline dietary pattern scores with falls risk, bone mineral density (BMD), and incident fractures measured over 10 years in older adults.

Dietary patterns were identified using exploratory factor analysis. Femoral neck (FN), hip, and lumbar spine (LS) BMD were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, falls risk z-score using the Physiological Profile Assessment, and incident fractures by self-report. Linear mixed-effects models and log-binomial regression were used to estimate associations between baseline dietary pattern z-scores and outcomes.

Of 1098 participants at baseline, 567 were retained over 10 years. Four dietary patterns were derived fruit and vegetable (FV), animal protein (AP), snack, and Western. FV pattern reduced falls risk at baseline by β = 0.05-0.08/SD and the annual decreases of FN and hip BMD were less for higher Western or AP pattern scores in all populations and women. The annual increase in LS of the entire population was greater with higher scores of FV, AP, and Western patterns (all β = 0.001 g/cm

/year/SD, p < 0.05). Higher scores of FV and snack were associated with a higher risk of LS BMD increasing over 10 years (p < 0.05 for all, except snack pattern in men) and incident fracture was not associated with any dietary pattern in the overall cohort and both men and women separately.

An FV dietary pattern may be beneficial for reducing falls risk. The associations of dietary patterns and BMD are modest in magnitude and did not translate into an improved fracture risk. Associations between diet and LS BMD may reflect osteoarthritis rather than osteoporosis.

An FV dietary pattern may be beneficial for reducing falls risk. The associations of dietary patterns and BMD are modest in magnitude and did not translate into an improved fracture risk. Associations between diet and LS BMD may reflect osteoarthritis rather than osteoporosis.The Figure 2 and Figure 4C were incorrectly published in the article titled MicroRNA-125b down-regulation mediates endometrial cancer invasion by targeting ERBB2. Chao Shang, Yan-ming Lu, Li-rong Meng, Med Sci Monit 2012; 18(4) BR149-155. 10.12659/MSM.882617. The correct Figures are as follows.BACKGROUND Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), also called histiocytosis X, belongs to a group of rare neoplasms and is a clonal pathology characterized by infiltration of Langerhans cells. The pathology can occur with the involvement of only 1 organ, more frequently the bone or with multi-visceral involvement, and patients frequently receive a delayed diagnosis and empirical treatments. CASE REPORT We report a case of LCH in a 60-year-old woman who presented atypical symptoms, imaging findings of lung and liver involvement. Imaging showed increased liver volume and subverted structure by multiple nodular formations. For the differential diagnosis with other neoplastic liver diseases, the patient underwent liver biopsy, with microscopic typical findings of the disease and positive immunohistochemical markers. CONCLUSIONS Liver involvement in LCH is rare and the differential diagnosis with neoplastic pathology may pose a challenge for the clinician and radiologist, also due to the possible association between LCH and malignant tumors.

Intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) are a serious subset of open-globe injury that can result in visual loss. This study analyzed the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and visual outcomes of patients with IOFBs in Southwest China.

This retrospective study comprised 1176 patients with the primary diagnosis of IOFBs who resided in Sichuan Province over a 10-year period. All data were collected from medical records and analyzed statistically.

The annual incidence for IOFBs was 0.14 per 100,000 (95% CI 0.12-0.16 per 100,000) people in Southwest China. In that period, IOFBs accounted for 22.3% of all open-globe injuries. Working-age male patients accounted for 79.1% of all IOFBs patients and there had significant differences in age distributions between genders(P<0.001). Metallic IOFBs was the most common (74.6%) IOFB, but there were significant differences in the materials of IOFBs between adults and children of different age groups (P<0.001). At discharge, 277 (23.6%) patients had increased visual acuity (VA) and 95 (8.0%) had no light perception. Initial visual acuity (VA) < 20/200 (OR, 5.5; P<0.001), increasing wound size (OR, 1.3; P=0.004), IOFBs in the posterior segment (OR, 2.6; P=0.002) and existing complications (traumatic cataract, endophthalmitis, retinal detachment or retinal break) were independent risk factors for final VA < 20/200.

The incidence of IOFBs in Southwest China differed from global statistics. Adults and children had different clinical characteristics. Thus, their prevention strategies should be different.

The incidence of IOFBs in Southwest China differed from global statistics. Adults and children had different clinical characteristics. Thus, their prevention strategies should be different.

To discriminate hepatic metastases from pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) and hepatic metastases from midgut neuroendocrine tumors (mNET) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

MRI examinations of 24 patients with hepatic metastases from pNET were quantitatively and qualitatively assessed by two blinded readers and compared to those obtained in 23 patients with hepatic metastases from mNET. Inter-reader agreement was calculated with kappa and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of each variable for the diagnosis of hepatic metastasis from pNET were calculated. Associations between variables and primary tumor (i.e., pNET vs. mNET) were assessed at univariate and multivariate analysis. A nomogram was developed and validated using an external cohort of 20 patients with pNET and 20 patients with mNET.

Interobserver agreement was strong to perfect (k=0.893-1) for qualitative criteria and excellent for quantitative variables (ICC 0.9817-0.9996). At univariate analysis, homogeneity on T1-weighted images was the most discriminating variable for the diagnosis of pNET (OR, 6.