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Nicotinamide is a highly promising target for the development of innovative strategies for neurodegenerative disorders and metabolic disease, but the fruits of this foundation depend greatly on gaining further understanding of nicotinamide's complex biology.Artificial Intelligence revolutionizes the drug development process that can quickly identify potential biologically active compounds from millions of candidate within a short period. The present review is an overview based on some applications of Machine Learning based tools, such as GOLD, Deep PVP, LIB SVM, etc. and the algorithms involved such as support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), decision tree and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), etc. at various stages of drug designing and development. These techniques can be employed in SNP discoveries, drug repurposing, ligand-based drug design (LBDD), Ligand-based Virtual Screening (LBVS) and Structure- based Virtual Screening (SBVS), Lead identification, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling, and ADMET analysis. It is demonstrated that SVM exhibited better performance in indicating that the classification model will have great applications on human intestinal absorption (HIA) predictions. Successful cases have been reported which demonstrate the efficiency of SVM and RF models in identifying JFD00950 as a novel compound targeting against a colon cancer cell line, DLD-1, by inhibition of FEN1 cytotoxic and cleavage activity. Furthermore, a QSAR model was also used to predict flavonoid inhibitory effects on AR activity as a potent treatment for diabetes mellitus (DM), using ANN. Hence, in the era of big data, ML approaches have been evolved as a powerful and efficient way to deal with the huge amounts of generated data from modern drug discovery to model small-molecule drugs, gene biomarkers and identifying the novel drug targets for various diseases.One of the most common form of neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer's disease poses a great threat to the patients all over the globe with about 5.7 million cases estimated by the Alzheimer's Association Report of 2018. The disorder is a result of β-amyloid deposition in the brain, deteriorating the cognitive ability and learning processes, commonly in geriatric patients. The review significantly elaborates the superiority of nanotechnological formulations over conventional therapeutic strategies which exhibit numerous side effects, poor pharmacokinetic profiles and limited efficacy, as compared to the nano-medicinal approach. The review recognizes the need to establish an understanding of the transport mechanisms across the blood brain barrier, prior to the nanoparticle studies, followed by discussion on various nano-formulations, evi-dently supported by the outcome of various studies conducted to investigate the drug delivery portfolio of nanomedicines. Furthermore, the review portrays the challenges to overcome in future studies, like nanoparticle fabrication, drug loading capacity, blood residency time, toxicity regime, monitoring long term effects, in-vivo compatibility and production tech-niques, in order to enable the development of an optimized form of drug delivery process, which would achieve significant heights in the biomedical applications and bring about a revolution in the field of medicine and science.
Malnutrition induced by dietary restriction produces several metabolic changes that affect body weight, the digestive system, and annex organs, including the liver. Malnutrition generates an inflammatory state and increases oxidative stress. The liver is one of the body vital organs, becoming necessary to analyze the impact of food supplementation on the repair of possible changes that may occur in this organ due to malnutrition.
To evaluate the effects of a low-cost supplementation derived from Buriti and dairy byproducts on liver recovery in malnourished mice, focusing on the expression of oxidative stressrelated genes, as well as biochemical and histological parameters.
Swiss mice were divided into six groups and submitted to two treatment phases food restriction, for malnutrition onset; and renutrition, with mice being fed with different diets.
Our results indicate that dietary supplementation was successful in recovering liver damage caused by malnutrition in animal models. The new supplement has been shown to recover liver damage with similar or superior results compared to the commercial reference supplement on the market.
Our work presents a new composition of low cost food supplement based on buriti and dairy by-products, proven to be effective in the malnutrition treatment of malnutrition. The improvements were proven through the recovery of body weight, reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress.
Our work presents a new composition of low cost food supplement based on buriti and dairy by-products, proven to be effective in the malnutrition treatment of malnutrition. The improvements were proven through the recovery of body weight, reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress.
Platelet-rich (PRP) and Platelet-poor plasma (PPP) are widely used in research and clinical platforms mainly due to their capacities to enhance cell growth. Enasidenib nmr Although short half-life (5 days) and the high price of platelet products pose challenges regarding their usage, they maintain the growth regulatory functions for weeks. Thus, we aimed to assess the supplementary values of these products in human CCRF-CEM cancer cells. Mechanistically, we also checked if the PRP/PPP treatment enhances YKL-40 expression as a known protein regulating cell growth.
The PRP/PPP was prepared from healthy donors using manual stepwise centrifugation and phase separation. The viability of the cells treated with gradient PRP/PPP concentrations (2, 5, 10, and 15%) was measured by the MTT assay. The YKL-40 mRNA and protein levels were assessed using qRT-PCR and western blotting. The data were compared to FBS-treated cells.
Our findings revealed that the cells treated by PRP/PPP not only were morphologically comparable to those treated by FBS but also, they showed greater viability at the concentrations of 10 and 15%. Moreover, it was shown that PRP/PPP induce cell culture support, at least in part, via inducing YKL-40 expression at both mRNA and protein levels in a time- and dose-dependent manner.
Collectively, by showing cell culture support comparable to FBS, the PRP/PPP might be used as good candidates to supplement the cancer cell culture and overcome concerns regarding the use of FBS as a non-human source in human cancer research.
Collectively, by showing cell culture support comparable to FBS, the PRP/PPP might be used as good candidates to supplement the cancer cell culture and overcome concerns regarding the use of FBS as a non-human source in human cancer research.
