Berthelsenbradley4661
The refractory group had decreased REM sleep (p<0.001) and longer REM latency (p=0.0357) than those of the medically controlled group. Moreover, electroencephalogram spectral analysis revealed that the refractory group had decreased absolute beta power (p=0.0039) and relative beta power (p=0.0035) as well as increased relative delta power (p=0.0015) compared with the medically controlled group.
Differences in the polysomnographic macrostructure and REM sleep microstructure between the study groups suggest REM sleep dysregulation in patients with refractory epilepsy.
Differences in the polysomnographic macrostructure and REM sleep microstructure between the study groups suggest REM sleep dysregulation in patients with refractory epilepsy.
A growing body of evidence suggests that sleep and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have a bi-directional relationship. Emerging research also suggests that orexin, a key neurotransmitter involved in sleep-wake regulation, may be altered in persons with AD, however results have not been consistent across prior studies. This investigation was conducted to both evaluate the aggregate literature to minimize the risk of bias and identify potential factors associated with heterogeneity across studies.
Systematic review identified relevant investigations that compared cerebrospinal fluid orexin in persons with AD and controls. Meta-analysis (random effects model) compared effect size (Hedge's g) for orexin between AD and controls. Meta-regression was additionally performed for key variables of interest to evaluate potential causes of heterogeneity among studies.
17 studies were identified that met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Evidence of publication bias was not identified. Non-significant increases in orexin were observed in AD relative to controls, with moderate to large heterogeneity among studies (Hedge's g=0.20, p=0.136, I
=72.6%). Meta-regression demonstrated both year of publication (β=0.055, p=0.020) and effect size for phosphorylated tau in AD versus controls (β=0.417, p=0.031) were associated with differences in orexin.
Results do not support broad differences in orexin in AD compared to controls, however, evolving diagnostic criteria may have affected findings across studies. Future research that examines orexin in AD over the longitudinal course of the disorder and explores potential links between phosphorylated tau and orexin are indicated.
Results do not support broad differences in orexin in AD compared to controls, however, evolving diagnostic criteria may have affected findings across studies. Future research that examines orexin in AD over the longitudinal course of the disorder and explores potential links between phosphorylated tau and orexin are indicated.The aim of this study was to develop and empirically test a hierarchical procedure for defining rest intervals in actigraphy data.
This is a two-part study. The aim of study 1 was to identify common practices for setting rest intervals in actigraphy research and investigate whether standardized guidelines for setting the rest interval exist, as a base to develop a new procedure for defining rest intervals in actigraphy. TAK 165 The aim of study 2 was to empirically test this procedure (The Rest Interval Setting, RISE Procedure). The RISE procedure was applied to a dataset of 537 nights from the sleep study SLEEPIC.
Participants (N=55) were aged 19-33 (M=22.7, SD=3.0).
Study 1 Structured overview of the methods used to correct actigraphy data. Study 2 Three scorers independently applied the RISE procedure to the dataset.
Study 1 demonstrated that methods and reporting practices are inconsistent and that there is a need for a standardized procedure for setting the rest interval. The results in study 2 revealed that using the new procedure for setting rest intervals provided high agreement between scorers for both rest onsets (α= 0.975) and offsets (α= 0.998). Applying the procedure to the dataset resulted in a shortening of the rest interval by 36min and 19s on average. There were significant changes (p<0.001) in all sleep estimate outcomes after applying the RISE procedure.
Methods for processing and reporting actigraphy data are highly inconsistent across studies. Here we present empirical support for a new standardized procedure for setting the rest interval, which is likely to improve transparency and reproducibility in achigraphy research.
Methods for processing and reporting actigraphy data are highly inconsistent across studies. Here we present empirical support for a new standardized procedure for setting the rest interval, which is likely to improve transparency and reproducibility in achigraphy research.
This study aimed to identify sleep disturbance subtypes ("phenotypes") among Latinx adults based on objective sleep data using a flexible unsupervised machine learning technique.
This study was an analysis of sleep data from three cross-sectional studies of the Precision in Symptom Self-Management Center at Columbia University. All studies focused on sleep health in Latinx adults at increased risk for sleep disturbance. Data on total sleep time (TST), time in bed (TIB), wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep efficiency (SE), number of awakenings (NOA) and the mean length of nightly awakenings were collected using wrist-mounted accelerometers. Cluster analysis of the sleep data was conducted using an unsupervised machine learning approach that relies on mixtures of multivariate generalized linear mixed models.
The analytic sample included 494 days of data from 118 adults (Ages 19-77). A 3-cluster model provided the best fit based on deviance indices (ie, DΔ∼-75 and-17 from 1- and 2- to 3-cluster models, respectively) and likelihood ratio (P
∼0.93). Phenotype 1 (n=64) was associated with greater likelihood of overall adequate SE and less variability in SE and WASO. Phenotype 2 (n=11) was characterized by higher NOAs, and greater WASO and TIB than the other phenotypes. Phenotype 3 (n=43) was characterized by greater variability in SE, bed times and awakening times.
Robust digital data-driven modeling approaches can be useful for detecting sleep phenotypes from heterogenous patient populations, and have implications for designing precision sleep health strategies for management and early detection of sleep problems.
Robust digital data-driven modeling approaches can be useful for detecting sleep phenotypes from heterogenous patient populations, and have implications for designing precision sleep health strategies for management and early detection of sleep problems.In eukaryotic cells, DNA interacts with two main types of binding proteins transcription factors and histones. Histones form the core of nucleosomes and display weak sequence preference owing to differences in bendability of different DNA sequences. By contrast, the affinity of transcription factors is highly dependent on DNA sequence - all sequences are bound with moderate affinity, but only few specific sequences are bound more tightly via molecular recognition of the DNA bases. Transcription factors can interact with nucleosomes directly by recognizing nucleosome-associated DNA and also indirectly by recruiting histone-modifying enzymes and nucleosome remodelers. These interactions result in sequence-dependent formation of a pattern of open and closed chromatin, where specific positions are occupied by transcription factors, histone-modifying enzymes, and modified histones. These patterns are then recognized by large DNA-associated macromolecular complexes such as cohesin and RNA polymerase II, which are involved in regulation of higher-order chromatin structure and transcription, respectively. Here, we review recent work that has provided structural and mechanistic insight into the interactions between all these classes of DNA-associated proteins.The current study aimed at investigating the comorbidity between reading disability (RD) and mathematical disability (MD) in a non-alphabetic language context. Over 1,900 Chinese first graders were screened on their reading and mathematics achievement twice. Children who scored consistently below the 10th percentile in reading and/or mathematics were identified as RD and/or MD respectively. A subsample of these children, together with a group of typically-achieving children, were further assessed on their cognitive capacities. Results suggested that while there were cognitive deficits that were specifically found in RD (shifting) versus MD (spatial working memory, inhibition, processing speed, visual attention) groups, deficits in naming speed was found in both RD and MD groups. The cognitive profile of the comorbid group was an additive combination of those of the two single LD groups. The findings suggest that RD and MD are two dissociable learning disabilities with distinct cognitive profiles. Effective screening and intervention can be developed based on the cognitive profiles of different disability groups.
Recent research is in favor of the use of dynamic assessment as an important method of combining assessment and intervention in a unified framework for typically and non-typically developing children. However, research is still sparse, in the evaluation of morphological awareness, especially for phonologically regular languages.
This study aimed to investigate the role of dynamic assessment in the evaluation of morphological awareness in Greek children.
Forty Greek participants (7-8 years old) allocated to an experimental (N = 21) and a control group (N = 19) were preliminary assessed on reading syllables/words, spelling words, vocabulary and morphological awareness. They were also evaluated on static assessments of spelling and word-formation of morphologically complex words, while only the experimental group was evaluated on dynamic assessments of the same tasks.
Children achieved significantly higher performance on the dynamic assessment tasks in comparison to their static ones. Correlations indicated that the degree of children's progress depended greatly on their initial literacy and language skills, while regression analyses revealed that static tasks made a unique contribution to their dynamic performance.
The results underline the role of dynamic assessment in the evaluation of morphological awareness in a phonologically regular language with rich morphology, such as Greek.
The results underline the role of dynamic assessment in the evaluation of morphological awareness in a phonologically regular language with rich morphology, such as Greek.The cuticle is the outermost region of the epidermal cell wall of plant aerial organs. The cuticle acts as a two-way lipid barrier for water diffusion; therefore, it plays a vital role in foliar water uptake (FWU). We hypothesised that the chemical composition of the cuticular waxes influences the FWU strategy that plants adopt in a foggy tropical ecosystem. We analysed the leaf cuticular waxes of six plant species known by their different FWU strategies, in both qualitative and quantitative approaches, to test this hypothesis. We also investigated the fine structure of the plant cuticle by scanning electron microscopy. Neither the total wax loads nor the amounts of single wax compound classes correlated to the FWU. In contrast, the qualitative chemical composition of the cuticular waxes was related to the water absorption speed but not to the maximum water absorbed. The presence of wax crystals might interfere with the FWU. Our findings suggest that a complex three-dimensional network of the cuticular compounds contributes to different strategies of FWU in six plant species from foggy tropical mountaintops.
