Berthelsenboye4089

Importantly, the increases in α-syn expression and neurotoxicity were relieved by Parkin overexpression. CONCLUSIONS By establishing stable cell lines and animal models that overexpress Parkin, we confirmed Parkin as an important factor in METH-induced α-syn degradation dysfunction in vitro and in vivo. Parkin may be a promising target for the treatment of METH-induced neurotoxicity. © 2020 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.BACKGROUND Within the last decade, advances and availability in radiological imaging have led to an increase in the detection of incidental liver lesions (ILLs) in the asymptomatic patient population. This poses a diagnostic conundrum. This study was undertaken to review the outcome of liver lesions labelled as 'indeterminate' in asymptomatic patients without a biopsy-proven concomitant primary tumour. The secondary aim was to assess the impact on healthcare resources and cost-effectiveness with regards to the frequency and modality of radiological scans, multidisciplinary team discussions and clinic reviews. METHODS The study consisted of a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the University Hospitals of Leicester multidisciplinary team database. The study period ranged from 2010 to 2015. All patients were followed-up for 3 years to ensure no late re-occurrences with malignancy. RESULTS A total of 92 patients with ILL were identified. The median age was 72 years. The median size of these ILLs was 10 mm. Eighty-seven patients required supplementary imaging and 42 required a third imaging. Ninety-one patients had benign lesions. Only one case was biopsy proven to be malignant. CONCLUSION Small ( less then 15 mm) hepatic lesions discovered incidentally in patients with no known primary malignancy and risk factors are virtually always benign, with a 1% risk of malignancy. There is a need for a classification system, which stratifies ILLs by malignant potential based on a standardized and evidence-based approach. This is important to prevent unnecessary investigations. A multidisciplinary approach in an experienced hepatobiliary and pancreatic centre is recommended until such a classification exists. © 2020 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.INTRODUCTION Joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) symptoms of widespread joint hypermobility and pain, muscle weakness and reduced muscle-tendon stiffness suggest that there may be an impact on gait parameters. Identification of gait abnormalities may inform assessment and management. The objective in the present study was to use a cross-sectional designed study to explore the impact of JHS on gait parameters. METHODS A JHS group of 29 participants (mean age 37.57 (S.D. 13.77) years) was compared to a healthy control group of 30 participants (mean 39.27 (S.D. 12.59) years). Spatiotemporal parameters, joint kinematics and joint kinetics were captured using the Qualisys motion capture system synchronized with a Kistler force platform. RESULTS Statistically significant reductions in walking speed, stride length and step length were found in the JHS group, while stance and double support durations were significantly increased (p less then 0.01). During the swing phase, the JHS group showed significantly less knee flexion (p less then 0.01). Reductions in hip extensor moment, and knee power generation and absorption were identified in the JHS group (p less then 0.01). No other gait parameters were significantly altered. CONCLUSION The JHS group walked more slowly with a kinematic 'stiffening' pattern. Hypermobility was not evident during gait. The observed stiffening pattern could be a strategy to avoid pain and improve balance. Impairments in moment and power generation could be related to several symptomatic and etiological factors in JHS. Clinicians should carefully consider gait in the assessment and management of people with JHS targeting the impairments identified by the current study. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Seclusion and restraint are regularly used to manage patient aggression events in psychiatric inpatient care, despite occupational safety concerns. There is currently a lack of information on how nurses perceive the use of patient seclusion and restraint as a risk for occupational safety. The aim of this study is to describe the risks for occupational hazards in patient seclusion and mechanical restraint practices as well as ideas for improvement identified by nurses. Repertaxin order A qualitative descriptive design was adopted, using focus groups comprising nurses (N = 32) working in psychiatric inpatient care. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis, and the results were reported using the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies (COREQ). Four themes of risk for occupational hazards were identified patient-induced, staff-induced, organization-induced, and environment-induced risks. One significant finding was that nurses described that their actions can strongly contribute to occupational hazards during seclusion and mechanical restraint practices. The nurses gave various ideas for how occupational safety could be improved during seclusion and mechanical restraint events, ideas involving staff, the organization, and environmental enhancements. © 2020 Australian College of Mental Health Nurses Inc.Backyard production systems (BPS) are a common form of poultry and swine production worldwide. The limited implementation of biosecurity standards in these operations makes BPS a potential source for the emergence of pathogens that have an impact on both animal and public health. Information regarding circulation of influenza A virus (IAV) in poultry and swine raised in BPS is scarce; particularly in South American countries. The objective of this study was to estimate prevalence and seroprevalence of IAV in BPS in central Chile, identify subtype diversity, evaluate risk factors and spatial relative risk for IAV. Samples were collected from 329 BPS from central Chile. Seroprevalence at BPS level was 34.7% (95% CI 23.1%-46.2%), 19.7% (95% CI 9.9%-30.6%) and 11.7% (95% CI 7.2%-16.4%), whereas prevalence at BPS level was 4.2% (95% CI 0.0%-8.8%), 8.2% (95% CI 0.8%-14.0%) and 9.2% (95% CI 4.8%-13.1%), for the Metropolitan, Valparaiso and LGB O'Higgins regions, respectively. Spatial analysis revealed that central-western area of Metropolitan region and the southern province of Valparaiso region could be considered as high-risk areas for IAV (spatial relative risk = 2.