Bertelsenrollins4612

The presence of the parents during painful interventions is low despite the evidence that this may help to reduce newborns' perception of pain.

To determine the effect of a maternal vegan diet on pregnancy outcome.

This is a prospective observational study. Women with a singleton pregnancy who maintained the same diet prior to, and throughout current pregnancy were enrolled. Stratification was performed according to diet type vegans, lacto-ovo-vegetarians, fish-eaters, and omnivores.

Overall, 273 women were enrolled, of them, 112 omnivores, 37 fish-eaters, 64 lacto-ovo-vegetarians, and 60 vegans. The vegan diet was significantly associated with an increased risk of small-for-gestational-age newborns compared only to an omnivore diet (RR = 5.9, 95% CI, 1.2-21.8). The incidence of preterm birth was similar in all groups. Vegans had lower birthweight compared to lacto-ovo-vegetarians (3015 ± 420 g vs. 3285 ± 482 g, P = 0.004), and to omnivores (3328 ± 495 g, P < 0.001), but not to fish-eaters. Vegans also had a lower mean gestational weight gain compared only to omnivores (11.6 ± 4.2 kg vs. 14.3 ± 4.6 kg, P = 0.001).

The vegan diet is associated with an increased risk for small-for-gestational-age newborns and lower birthweight.

The vegan diet is associated with an increased risk for small-for-gestational-age newborns and lower birthweight.

This study evaluated the presence and the levels of antibodies reactive to SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2 subunits (S1 + S2), and nucleocapsid protein.

The levels of SARS-CoV-2 S1 + S2- and nucleocapsid-reactive SIgM/IgM, IgG and SIgA/IgA were measured in human milk samples from 41 women during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-HM) and from 16 women 2 years prior to the outbreak (2018-HM).

SARS-CoV-2 S1 + S2-reactive SIgA/IgA, SIgM/IgM and IgG were detected in 97.6%, 68.3% and 58.5% in human milk whereas nucleocapsid-reactive antibodies were detected in 56.4%, 87.2% and 46.2%, respectively. click here S1 + S2-reactive IgG was higher in milk from women that had symptoms of viral respiratory infection(s) during the last year than in milk from women without symptom. S1 + S2- and nucleocapsid-reactive IgG were higher in the 2020-HM group compared to the 2018-HM group.

The presence of SARS-CoV-2-reactive antibodies in human milk could provide passive immunity to breastfed infants and protect them against COVID-19 diseases.

The presence of SARS-CoV-2-reactive antibodies in human milk could provide passive immunity to breastfed infants and protect them against COVID-19 diseases.Some studies reported that excessive blood pressure (BP) control was not appropriate for older people, especially from the viewpoint of quality of life and maintaining sufficient blood flow for tissue perfusion. However, the lower limit of the target BP is still unclear, and there has not yet been a sufficient consensus. Therefore, we investigated the associations of BP levels with clinical events in older patients ~85 years old receiving home medical care. A total of 144 patients were included, who were followed for longer than 3 months in the Osaka Home Care Registry study, a prospective cohort study targeting older patients receiving home medical care in Japan. BP levels were divided into lower and higher groups based on the average systolic blood pressure (SBP). The main outcomes were clinical events, including hospitalizations, falls, and deaths during follow-up. As a result, the hospitalization rate in the SBP below 124 mmHg group was significantly higher than that in the SBP over 124 mmHg group. When comparing the clinical events between the two groups only in participants with hypertension, the same results were obtained. Furthermore, in Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted by age, sex, and current diseases, the SBP below 124 mmHg group showed a significantly higher rate of required hospitalization (hazard ratio 7.25, 95% confidence interval 1.79-29.45). Thus, in older and very frail patients requiring home medical care, an SBP level below 124 mmHg could be a predictive marker of clinical events leading to hospitalization.The central control of feeding behavior and metabolic homeostasis has been proposed to involve a form of post-ingestive nutrient learning independent of the gustatory value of food. However, after such learning, it is unknown which brain regions or circuits are activated to retrieve the stored memory and whether this memory undergoes reconsolidation that depends on protein synthesis after its reactivation through retrieval. In the present study, using a conditioned-flavor-preference paradigm by associating flavors with intra-gastric infusion of glucose to minimize the evaluation of the taste of food, we show that retrieval of the post-ingestive nutrient-conditioned flavor memory stimulates multiple brain regions in mice, including the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Moreover, memory retrieval activated the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in the CeA, while site-specific or systemic inhibition of mTORC1 immediately after retrieval prevented the subsequent expression of the post-ingestive nutrient-associated flavor memory, leading to a long-lasting suppression of reinstatement. Taken together, our findings suggest that the reconsolidation process of a post-ingestive nutrient memory modulates food preferences.An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.Depression is one of the global leading causes of disability, but treatments remain limited and classical antidepressants were found to be ineffective in a substantial proportion of patients. Thus, novel effective therapies for the treatment of depression are urgently needed. Given the emerging role of inflammation in the etiology and pathophysiology of affective disorders, we herein illustrate how experimental endotoxemia, a translational model of systemic inflammation, could be used as a tool to develop and test new therapeutic options against depression. Our concept is based on the striking overlap of inflammatory, neural, and affective characteristics in patients with inflammation-associated depression and in endotoxin-challenged healthy subjects. Experimental administration of endotoxin in healthy volunteers is safe, well-tolerated, and without known long-term health risks. It offers a highly standardized translational approach to characterize potential targets of therapies against inflammation-associated depression, as well as to identify characteristics of patients that would benefit from these interventions, and, therefore, could contribute to improve personalization of treatment and to increase the overall rate of responders.Respiratory diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis, silicosis, and allergic pneumonia, can be caused by long-term exposure to dental prosthesis grinding dust. The extent of the toxicity and pathogenicity of exposure to PMMA dust, Vitallium dust, and dentin porcelain dust differs. The dust from grinding dental prosthesis made of these three materials was characterized in terms of morphology, particle size, and elemental composition. The adverse effects of different concentrations of grinding dust (50, 150, 300, 450, and 600 μg ml-l) on RAW264.7 macrophages were evaluated, including changes in cell morphology and the production of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The dust particles released by grinding dental prosthesis made of these materials had different morphologies, particle sizes, and elemental compositions. They also induced varying degrees of cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 macrophages. A possible cytotoxicity mechanism is the induction of lipid peroxidation and plasma membrane damage as the dust particles penetrate cells. Therefore, clinicians who regularly work with these materials should wear the appropriate personal protection equipment to minimize exposure and reduce the health risks caused by these particulates.

Prospective observational study.

To evaluate pelvic MRI muscle signal changes and their association with early heterotopic ossification (HO) in patients with spinal cord injuries.

National Spinal Injuries Unit, Stoke Mandeville, UK.

Forty patients were imaged with at least two interval magnetic resonance (MR) studies of the pelvis in the first 6 months following a spinal cord injury. Scans were reviewed and scored for heterotopic ossification, muscle signal change and extent of muscle involvement.

Muscle signal change was present in 28 (70%) on the initial MRI and 31 (77%) by the second study. Six patients developed MR changes of prodromal or immature heterotopic ossification (15%). No restricted diffusion was demonstrated and no patient developed mature HO. Patients developing MR changes of early HO were more likely to have grade 3 muscle changes.

Increased T2 muscle signal is common following cord injury, is frequently progressive in the subacute period and is associated with complete injury and early MR signs of heterotopic ossification.

Increased T2 muscle signal is common following cord injury, is frequently progressive in the subacute period and is associated with complete injury and early MR signs of heterotopic ossification.

Retrospective cohort study.

To study a combination of three evaluations of sensation in the lower urinary tract (LUT) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).

University Antwerp Belgium, Unicenter study.

Evaluation of perineal sensation with light digital touch, reporting of filling sensation during a standardised urodynamic investigation and determination of the electrical perception threshold (EPT) were evaluated in patients with SCI.

150 individuals were included 97 men and 53 women, mean age 46 ± 17 years. Patients had different levels and completeness of SCI, and different techniques for bladder emptying. Seventy-four patients (49%) reported sensation to touch in the perineal area. Sensation of bladder filling was reported in different patterns by 81 patients (54%). EPT was determined in 69 patients of which 50 (72%) reported sensation in different patterns. The outcome of absence/presence of sensation between the three tests differed greatly with perineal sensation absent 53% had filling sensation (p = 0.040) and 58% positive EPT (p = 0.009). With filling sensation absent 59% had EPT sensation (not significant). Perineal sensation was strongly associated with level and completeness of SCI, while a significant association existed for filling sensations FSF, FDV, SDV and EPT in the distal urethra.

Our study shows that different evaluations of sensation in the LUT of individuals with SCI complement each other. and we therefore propose combined use in the urological evaluation of patients with SCI to allow a more complete picture of the LUT sensations.

Our study shows that different evaluations of sensation in the LUT of individuals with SCI complement each other. and we therefore propose combined use in the urological evaluation of patients with SCI to allow a more complete picture of the LUT sensations.Flavobacterium IR1 is a gliding bacterium with a high degree of colonial organization as a 2D photonic crystal, resulting in vivid structural coloration when illuminated. Enterobacter cloacae B12, an unrelated bacterium, was isolated from the brown macroalga Fucus vesiculosus from the same location as IR1. IR1 was found to be a predator of B12. A process of surrounding, infiltration, undercutting and killing of B12 supported improved growth of IR1. A combination of motility and capillarity facilitated the engulfment of B12 colonies by IR1. Predation was independent of illumination. Mutants of IR1 that formed photonic crystals less effectively than the wild type were reduced in predation. Conversely, formation of a photonic crystal was not advantageous in resisting predation by Rhodococcus spp. PIR4. These observations suggest that the organization required to create structural colour has a biological function (facilitating predation) but one that is not directly related to the photonic properties of the colony.