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Overall, health care providers rarely provided information on alcohol treatment services to persons with AUD. In multivariable analyses, Latinos were less likely to receive information on alcohol treatment services than Whites, but no White-Black differences were documented. When analyses were restricted to those who had received information on alcohol treatment options, no racial/ethnic differences in the use of alcohol treatment services were found.

Health care providers can potentially encourage use of alcohol treatment among those in need and contribute to reducing existing alcohol-related racial/ethnic disparities.

Health care providers can potentially encourage use of alcohol treatment among those in need and contribute to reducing existing alcohol-related racial/ethnic disparities.

Drug overdoses have contributed to considerable years of life lost. However, focusing solely on drug overdoses, whereby drug poisoning defines the underlying cause of death, obscures the wider burden of the drug mortality crisis. We aim to describe 21 years of trends in "psychotropic-drug-implicated deaths," those where psychotropic drugs are a contributing (but not the underlying) cause of death.

We analyze deaths extracted from CDC WONDER from 1999-2019 to generate annual counts and rates for psychotropic-drug-implicated deaths in the United States, including by underlying cause of death and drug implicated.

Over 21 years, 51,446 psychotropic-drug-implicated deaths occurred (33,885 medical; 17,561 external). Both medical and external psychotropic-drug-implicated deaths rose dramatically, increasing 2.5 and 5.0 times, respectively. Diseases of the circulatory system predominated underlying causes of medical deaths (74 %). Non-drug suicide, transport accidents, and drownings constitute 54 % of external vascular disease, transport accidents, and drownings. As with overdoses, psychotropic-drug-implicated deaths have risen dramatically during the 21st century. They include striking increases for drugs, such as psychostimulants, receiving less attention with overdoses. Research is needed to address prevention, intervention, and policy for psychotropic-drug-implicated deaths beyond overdose mortality.

Alcohol consumption has been linked to harmful health short and long-term outcomes. An analysis of socio-demographic factors related to binge drinking may help to identify groups at risk and provide primary health care providers an opportunity to assist members of those groups. In this study, we examined socio-demographic factors associated with binge drinking in Ontario, Canada.

This analysis used data from a cross-sectional survey of Ontario adults (ages 19 and older) for the 2015-2017 period. Bivariate and multivariate adjusted analyses examined the association between binge drinking and socio-demographic factors. These analyses were also stratified by sex.

Increased alcohol binge drinking was associated with several socio-demographic factors including younger age groups, lower educational attainment, lower household income quintile, having immigrated to Canada within past 10 years, being male, reporting poorer mental health, being single, living in rural areas, and being unemployed. Panobinostat purchase No differences wmful alcohol consumption habits.

Chemsex among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) has raised public health concerns because of its association with sexual behaviours that can increase transmission of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective at blocking HIV acquisition, addressing important prevention needs among individuals practicing chemsex. This study aims to improve our understanding of chemsex practices and PrEP trajectories of gbMSM and transgender women consulting for PrEP.

We used data from the PrEP cohort of Clinique médicale l'Actuel, a major sexual health clinic in Montréal. We describe the sociodemographic profile of clients consulting for PrEP, characterize chemsex and polysubstance use trends over time, and evaluate PrEP trajectories using Kaplan-Meier curves.

Among 2923 clients who consulted for PrEP between 2013-2020 (2910 cisgender gbMSM, 6 transgender gbMSM, 7 transgender women), 24 % reported chemsex in the past year and 13 % reported polysubstance use. The most common chemsex substances were ecstasy (14 %), GHB (13 %), and cocaine (12 %). The proportion of clients reporting chemsex and polysubstance use decreased over time. In both the chemsex and no-chemsex group, 73 % of clients initiated PrEP. The median time to discontinuation was similar between the chemsex (6.5 months; 95 %CI 5.3-7.2) and no-chemsex group (6.9 months; 95 %CI 6.3-7.5).

Chemsex is not a barrier to PrEP initiation or persistence. However, these results suggest a high prevalence of chemsex among gbMSM consulting for PrEP, highlighting the need for services addressing the intersection of sexual health and substance use for this population.

Chemsex is not a barrier to PrEP initiation or persistence. However, these results suggest a high prevalence of chemsex among gbMSM consulting for PrEP, highlighting the need for services addressing the intersection of sexual health and substance use for this population.Exosomes are small cell derived membrane nano-vesicles that carry various components including lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. There is accumulating evidence that exosomes have a role in tumorigenesis, tumor invasiveness and metastasis. Furthermore, oncogene mutation may influence exosome release from tumor cells. Exosomes may induce colorectal cancer by altering signaling cascades such as the Wnt/β-catenin and KRAS pathways that are involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, dissemination, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. The aim of this review was to overview recent findings evaluating the association between tumor cells-derived exosomes and their content in modulating signaling pathways in colorectal cancer.This study asks if monolinguals can resolve lexical interference within a language with mechanisms similar to those used by bilinguals to resolve interference across languages. These mechanisms are known as bilingual language control, are assumed to be at least in part top-down, and are typically studied with cued language mixing, a version of which we use here. Balanced (Experiment 1) and nonbalanced Spanish-English bilinguals (Experiment 2) named pictures in each of their languages. English monolinguals from two different American cities (Experiments 3 and 4) named pictures in English only with either basic-level (e.g., shoe) or subordinate names (e.g., sneaker). All experiments were identically structured and began with blocked naming in each language or name type, followed by trial-level switching between the two languages or name types, followed again by blocked naming. We analyzed switching, mixing and (introduced here) post-mixing costs, dominance effects and repetition benefits. In the bilingual experiments, we found some signs of dominant deprioritization, the behavioral hallmark of bilingual language control larger costs for dominant- than for nondominant-language names.

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