Bernardalbertsen6866

However, the number of patients treated within 55 minutes from arrival was significantly higher after the intervention; and coronary intervention within this time was associated with a lower death rate. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2020. For permissions please email journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUND Increased connectivity via air travel can facilitate the geographic spread of infectious diseases. The number of travelers alone does not explain risk; passenger origin and destination will also influence risk of disease introduction and spread. We described trends in international air passenger numbers and connectivity between countries with different capacities to detect and respond to infectious disease threats. METHODS We used the Fragile States Index (FSI) as an annual measure of country-level resilience and capacity to respond to infectious disease events. Countries are categorized as Sustainable, Stable, Warning, or Alert, in order of increasing fragility. We included data for 177 sovereign states for the years 2010 to 2019. Annual inbound and outbound international air passengers for each country were obtained for the same time period. We examined trends in FSI score, trends in worldwide air travel, and the association between a state's FSI score and air travel. RESULTS Among countries included in the FSI rankings, the total number of outbound passengers increased from 0.865 billion to 1.58 billion between 2010 and 2019. Increasing fragility was associated with a decrease in travel volumes, with a 2.5% (95% CI 2.0-3.1%) reduction in passengers per 1-unit increase in FSI score. Overall, travel between countries of different FSI categories either increased or remained stable. CONCLUSIONS The world's connectivity via air travel has increased dramatically over the past decade. There has been notable growth in travel from Warning and Stable countries, which comprise more than three-quarters of international air travel passengers. These countries may have suboptimal capacity to detect and respond to infectious disease threats that emerge within their borders. © International Society of Travel Medicine 2020. buy SGC707 All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.Chromatin is the main carrier of genetic information and non-randomly distributed within the nucleus. Next generation sequence-based chromatin conformation capture technologies have enabled us to directly examine its 3D organization at an unprecedented scale and resolution. In the best studied mammalian models, chromatin folding can be broken down into three hierarchical levels, compartment, domains, and loops, which play important roles in transcriptional regulation. Although similar structures have now been identified in plants, they might not process identical function as the mammalian ones. Here, we review the recent plant Hi-C and ChIA-PET findings, compare plant chromatin structures with their mammalian counterparts, and also discuss the differences between plants of different genome sizes. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.Reliable of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) effects from genomic BLUP (GBLUP) and single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP) are needed to calculate indirect predictions (IP) for young genotyped animals and animals not included in official evaluations. Obtaining reliable SNP effects and IP requires a minimum number of animals and when a large number of genotyped animals is available the algorithm for proven and young (APY) may be needed. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate IP with increasingly larger number of genotyped animals and to determine the minimum number of animals needed to compute reliable SNP effects and IP. Genotypes and phenotypes for birth weight, weaning weight, and post-weaning gain were provided by the American Angus Association. The number of animals with phenotypes was over 3.8 million. Genotyped animals were assigned to three cumulative year-classes born until 2013 (n = 114, 937), born until 2014 (n = 183,847), and born until 2015 (n = 280,506). A three-trait model was fitted usingere ≥0.76, ≥0.90, and ≥0.98 when SNP effects were computed using 2k, 5k and 15k core animals. Suitable IP based on GEBV from GBLUP can be obtained when SNP predictions are based on an appropriate number of core animals, but a considerable decline in IP accuracy can occur in subsequent years. Conversely, IP from ssGBLUP based on large numbers of phenotypes from non-genotyped animals have persistent accuracy over time. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science.BACKGROUND Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a leading cause of acute respiratory infections frequently resulting in antibiotic prescribing. Vaccines against GAS are currently in development. METHODS We estimated the incidence of healthcare visits and antibiotic prescribing for pharyngitis, sinusitis, and acute otitis media (AOM) in the United States using nationally-representative surveys of outpatient care provision, supplemented by insurance claims data. We estimated the proportion of these episodes attributable to GAS, and to GAS emm types included in a proposed 30-valent vaccine. We used these outputs to estimate the incidence of outpatient visits and antibiotic prescribing preventable by GAS vaccines with various efficacy profiles under infant and school-age dosing schedules. RESULTS GAS pharyngitis causes 19.1 (95%CI 17.3-21.1) outpatient visits and 10.2 (9.0-11.5) antibiotic prescriptions per 1,000 US persons aged 0-64 years, annually. GAS pharyngitis causes 93.2 (82.3-105.3) visits and 53.2 (45.2-62.5) ns, e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.CONTEXT Despite the new opportunities provided by assisted reproduction techniques, male infertility treatment is far from being optimized. One possibility, based on pathophysiological evidence, is to stimulate spermatogenesis with gonadotropins. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We conducted a comprehensive systematic PubMed literature review, up to January 2020, of studies evaluating the genetic basis of FSH action, the role of FSH in spermatogenesis, and the effects of its administration in male infertility. Manuscripts evaluating the role of genetic polymorphisms and FSH administration in women undergoing assisted reproduction were considered whenever relevant. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS FSH treatment has been successfully used in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, but with questionable results in idiopathic male infertility. A limitation of this approach is that schemes for male infertility have been borrowed from hypogonadism, without daring to overstimulate, as is done in women undergoing assisted reproduction. FSH effectiveness does not depend only on its serum levels, but also on individual, genetic variants able to determine hormonal levels, activity and receptor response.