Bergmannmcconnell2763

INTRODUCTION This study aimed to model the dissociation in the V˙O2/power output (PO) relationship between ramp incremental (RI) and constant work rate (CWR) exercise and to develop a novel strategy that resolves this gap and enables an accurate translation of the RI V˙O2 into a constant power output. METHODS Nine young men completed two RI tests (30 and 15 W.min) and CWR tests at seven intensities across exercise intensity domains. The V˙O2/PO relationship for RI and CWR exercise was modelled and the dissociation was compared in terms of PO. The accuracy of three translation strategies was tested in the moderate (i.e., zone 1) and the heavy (i.e., zone 2) intensity domain. While strategy 1 comprised a simple mean response time (MRT) correction, strategy 2 and 3 accounted for the loss of mechanical efficiency in zone 2 by applying an extra correction that was based on, respectively, the difference between s2 - CWR and s2 - ramp or the ratio s2/s1. RESULTS For all intensities, differences in PO were found between CWR and RI exercise (P less then 0.001). Overall, these differences were smaller for the 15 W.min compared to the 30 W.min protocol (P=0.012). Strategy 1 was accurate for PO selection in zone 1 (bias = 0.4±7.3W), but not in zone 2 (bias = 17.1±15.9W). Only strategy 2 was found to be accurate for both intensity zones (bias = 2.2±14.2W) (P=0.107). CONCLUSION This study confirmed that a simple MRT correction works for PO selection in the moderate, but not in the heavy intensity domain. A novel strategy was tested and validated to accurately prescribe a constant PO based on the RI V˙O2 response in a population of young healthy men.OBJECTIVE To determine whether parental resilience, measured at ICU admission, is associated with parent-reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and satisfaction with ICU care 3-5 weeks following ICU discharge. DESIGN Planned prospective, observational study nested in a randomized comparative trial. SETTING PICUs and cardiac ICUs in two, free-standing metropolitan area children's hospitals. PARTICIPANTS English- and Spanish-speaking parents whose children were younger than 18 years old and had anticipated ICU stay of greater than 24 hours or Pediatric Index of Mortality score of greater than or equal to 4 at the time of consent. All ICU admissions were screened for inclusion. Of 4,251 admissions reviewed, 1,360 were eligible. Five hundred families were approached and 382 enrolled. Two hundred thirty-two parents from 210 families with complete data were included in analysis. HSP990 INTERVENTIONS All participating parents completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale at the time of consent andoach to identify parents at risk for post-ICU psychological morbidity. Future research into the impact of interventions designed to boost parental resilience is warranted.OBJECTIVE To examine the early cognitive, temperament, and adaptive functioning of infants and toddlers with Turner syndrome (TS). METHODS Cognitive abilities were measured using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning at 1 year of age for 31 girls with TS and compared with neurotypical female (N = 53) and male (N = 54) control groups. Temperament (Carey Toddler Temperament Scales) and adaptive functioning (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Second Edition) were measured at 1 year of age and compared with normative data. An exploratory analysis of cognitive/developmental trajectories was also conducted comparing age 12-month to 24-month time points for 22 TS subjects. RESULTS Infants with TS performed largely within the average range for adaptive behavior, temperament, and early cognitive development with some increased risk for delays in language and significant increased risk for delays in motor skills (p less then 0.001). Although exploratory, there was some suggestion of slower rates of progression in fine-motor and visual reception skills from 12 to 24 months of age. CONCLUSIONS Infants and toddlers with TS exhibit a relatively positive neurodevelopmental profile overall, with some indication of an increasing gap in function in fine-motor and visual perceptual abilities as compared to neurotypical peers. It is unclear whether these apparent differences represent normal variability in this very young population or, perhaps, are early precursors of later phenotypic characteristics of TS in the school-age and young adult years.OBJECTIVE To identify important clinical or imaging features predictive of an individual's response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) by utilizing a machine learning approach. METHODS Twenty-seven depressed patients who received ECT were recruited. Clinical demographics and pretreatment structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were used as candidate features to build models to predict remission and post-ECT Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores. Support vector machine and support vector regression with elastic-net regularization were used to build models using (i) only clinical features, (ii) only MRI features, and (iii) both clinical and MRI features. Consistently selected features across all individuals were identified through leave-one-out cross-validation. RESULTS Compared with models that include only clinical variables, the models including MRI data improved the prediction of ECT remission the prediction accuracy improved from 70% to 93%. Features selected consistently across all individuals included volumes in the gyrus rectus, the right anterior lateral temporal lobe, the cuneus, and the third ventricle, as well as 2 clinical features psychotic features and family history of mood disorder. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment structural MRI data improved the individual predictive accuracy of ECT remission, and only a small subset of features was important for prediction.OBJECTIVE Preclinical evidence suggests a role for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the mode of action of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Clinical data regarding BDNF levels in serum or plasma are more inconsistent. We measured BDNF levels from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with major depression before and shortly after a course of ECT. METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid and serum BDNF levels were determined using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. RESULTS We included 9 patients with a severe depressive episode within a major depressive disorder into the study. The CSF BDNF concentrations at baseline were lower compared with those CSF BDNF levels after the complete ECT treatment (P = 0.042), whereas no such a constellation was found for serum BDNF. No associations between the BDNF levels and the amount of individual ECT sessions or the reduction of the depressive symptoms were found. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, it has been shown that CSF BDNF concentrations increase during a course of ECT in patients with a severe unipolar depressive episode, which is in line with the neurotrophin hypothesis as a mode of action of ECT, although it was not possible to demonstrate either a dose-effect relation or a relationship with the actual antidepressant effects in our small sample.