Bennetsenmullen1904

Output regulation problem for a decentralized networked control system under jamming attacks and actuator saturation is solved by state feedback in this paper. A jammer's power allocation strategy aiming at degrading signal-interference-plus-noise ratios and leading to packets dropout in different wireless transmission channels of the decentralized networked control system is derived. In the presence of attack-induced packets dropout, a relation between null controllable region and regulatable region is described. For a plant and an exosystem, an asymptotically regulatable region is constructed based on a null controllable region. At last, an illustrative example certificates effectiveness of the presented techniques. This paper proposes a novel degradation prognosis of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) based on Wavelet Neural Network (WNN) and Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA). The proposed method considering the main operating conditions of PEMFC can be applied to the health state prognostic of PEMFC under different conditions. First, the operating data of PEMFC are reconstructed by the locally weighted scatterplot smoothing method to filter noise. Then, the WNN that can analyze the degradation characteristics of PEMFC (global degradation trend and reversible phenomena) is adopted to build the degradation model of PEMFC. Finally, the structure and parameters of WNN are optimized by CSA to improve the accuracy for the degradation prognosis of PEMFC. The optimized degradation prognosis method is used to predict the remaining useful life of PEMFC. The proposed prognostic method is validated by 3 degradation tests of PEMFC under different conditions. The results show that CSA can greatly improve the degradation prognosis accuracy of PEMFC based on WNN. The proposed CSA-WNN can achieve higher precision than other traditional prognostic methods. Hypercalciuria is a common feature during metabolic acidosis and associates to nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis. The mechanisms sensing acidosis and inducing increased urinary calcium excretion are still unknown. Here we tested whether mice deficient for proton-activated Ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 (OGR1 or Gpr68) have reduced urinary excretion of calcium during chronic metabolic acidosis. In the kidney, OGR1 mRNA was found in cells of the glomerulus, proximal tubule, and interstitium including endothelial cells. Wild type (OGR1+/+) and OGR1 knockout (OGR1-/-) mice were given standard chow without (control) or loaded with ammonium chloride for one or seven days to induce acute or chronic metabolic acidosis, respectively. No differences in responding to the acid load were observed in the knockout mice, except for higher plasma bicarbonate after one day. Bone mineral density, resorption activity of osteoclasts, and urinary deoxypyridinoline were similar between genotypes. During metabolic acidosis the expression levels of key proteins involved in calcium reabsorption, i.e. buy Q-VD-Oph the sodium/proton exchanger (NHE3), the epithelial calcium-selective channel TRPV5, and the vitamin D-dependent calcium binding protein calbindin-D28k were all higher in the knockout mice compared to wild type mice. This is consistent with the previous demonstration that OGR1 reduces NHE3 activity in proximal tubules of mice. Wild-type mice displayed a non-linear positive association between urinary proton and calcium excretion which was lost in the knockout mice. Thus, OGR1 is a pH sensor involved in the hypercalciuria of metabolic acidosis by controlling NHE3 activity in the proximal tubule. Hence, novel drugs modulating OGR1 activity may improve renal calcium handling. The semi-lunar process (SLP) is a key component in the power amplification of locusts to achieve rapid movements. Its mechanical properties determine the amount of the power amplification and the subsequent locomotion performance. As previously reported, the SLP cuticle endures physiological dynamic loadings. However, the time-scale mechanical properties of the SLP are still unknown, especially under stress relaxation and cyclic loadings. In this paper, the SLP cuticles of adult desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria) were studied using stress relaxation and cyclic tests, with loadings corresponding to the physiological loading conditions of the power amplification. The SLP cuticle was found to show pronounced stress relaxation behavior with the resultant force and an evident time shift between the maximal displacement and the maximal resultant force. The number of loading cycles before mechanical failure (life cycle number) increases when the SLP cuticle is cyclically loaded by a lower stress level. Moreover, the failure strength of the SLP at low cycles equals the physiological stress level in the power amplification, implying that the healing of the cuticle might contribute to the successful performance of numerous jumps in the course of the adult locust life. This study not only deepens our understanding of the power amplification mechanism of locust locomotion but also provides valuable knowledge for the design optimization of bioinspired jumping robots and elastic energy storage devices. Detecting coordination pattern and coordination variability help us to find how joints organize collaboratively to perform sit-to-stand (STS) under restricted visual input. This experiment aimed to compare the coordination of the trunk, hip, knee, and ankle and its variability between individuals with long- and short-term restricted visual input during STS. Forty-five female children participated in this study, including fifteen congenitally blind (CB) children and 30 healthy children. The healthy children were divided randomly into two groups one group in which the participants were instructed to keep their eyes open (EO) and another to keep their eyes closed (EC) for 20 min before the test. In the standing phase, CB children had a decreased ankle-knee vector angle on the nondominant (ND) side compared to that of healthy children. In the sagittal plane, a small coefficient-of-correspondences (CoC) was observed at seat-off (hip-trunk CoC on the dominant (D) side and ankle-hip CoC on the ND side) and in the preparation phase (ankle-hip CoC on the ND side and bilateral hip CoC).