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lly life-threatening situation. Vismodegib We suggest implementing this system when an EMCC faces significantly increased activity with limited staff resources.

We found that rapid access to our EMCC was maintained during the COVID-19 pandemic via two-level filtering. This system helped reduce the time gap between call placement and first-line call-taker evaluation of a potentially life-threatening situation. We suggest implementing this system when an EMCC faces significantly increased activity with limited staff resources.Regular and well-organized inspection of infection control is an essential element of an infection control program. The aim of this study was to identify the functional scope of weekly infection control team rounding (ICTR) in an acute care hospital. We conducted weekly ICTR between January 18 and December 26, 2018 to improve the compliance to infection control and prevention measures at a 734-bed academic hospital in the Republic of Korea and analyzed the results retrospectively. We categorized the results into five groups "well maintained," "improvement needed," "long-term support, such as space or manpower, needed," "not applicable," or "could not be observed". A total of nine categories and 85 sub-elements of infection control and prevention practices were evaluated. The median number of infection control team (ICT) visits per department was 7 (interquartile range [IQR] 6-7). The ICT assessed a median of 16 elements (IQR 12-22), and a total of 7452 results were obtained. Of those, 75% were monitored properly, 22% were "not applicable", and 4% were difficult to observe. The most common practices that were difficult to observe were strategies to prevent catheter-related surgical site infections, pneumonia, and occupationally acquired infections as well as injection safety practices. Although the ICTR was able to maintain regular visits to each department, further strategies beyond regular ICTR are needed to reduce category of "could not observed". This pilot study may provide an important reference for institutional infection prevention practices as it is the first study to investigate the functional coverage of ICTR.

In the context of scaling the viral load in resource limited settings, following HIV infected patient's adults and children with CD4+ T-lymphocyte count still very important in settings where the decentralization of treatment still has some challenges. Effective HIV monitoring in these resource-constrained settings needs affordable and reliable CD4+ T lymphocytes enumeration methods. We investigated the validity of a BD FACSPresto POC which is a dedicated system for enumeration that uses immunofluorescent technologies. In this study, we have assessed the sensitivity, specificity and correlation between most representative flow cytometry instruments present in Cameroon with more than 5000 CD4 T cells tests per year including FACSCalibur, FACSCount, and PIMA POC from Becton-Dickinson and ALERE respectively.

268 patients aged from 1 to 72years old were enrolled and included in the study after inform consent. The BD FACSPresto POC CD4+ T cell technology was placed at CIRCB and operated by technician staff. HI access in remote areas. This technology can allow for greater decentralization and wider access to CD4 testing and ART.

Bilateral herpes zoster (BHZ) is an atypical presentation of herpes zoster (HZ), with few cases reported before. Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) is an uncommon complication of VZV infection. Cases of BHZ with RHS in immunocompetent adults have been reported rarely.

We described an immunocompetent adult who suffered from left-sided thoracic herpes zoster and contralateral RHS simultaneously, and summarizes the characteristics of BHZ.

Cases of BHZ with RHS in immunocompetent adults have not been reported previously. Antivirus - glucocorticoid combination therapy showed a good effect in this case.

Cases of BHZ with RHS in immunocompetent adults have not been reported previously. Antivirus - glucocorticoid combination therapy showed a good effect in this case.

Ovarian toxicity is a dreaded complication of cyclophosphamide (CYC). With the use of lower cumulative doses of intravenous CYC (modified NIH regimens) and availability of better markers of ovarian toxicity, the incidence of ovarian dysfunction needs reassessment. Lupus disease activity, by itself, is also believed to affect ovarian function negatively.

This single-centre prospective cohort study recruited 50 female patients of severe lupus aged 18-40 years. Twenty-five patients each received induction with either monthly intravenous CYC (0.5-0.75 g/m

) for 6-9 months or daily oral mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Details of menstrual irregularities; serum levels of FSH, LH, estradiol, AMH, and inhibin B; and sonographic assessment of ovarian volume and antral follicular count were done at baseline and 6months after treatment. Amenorrhoeic patients were re-evaluated at 1year.

Mean (SD) age of subjects in the CYC and MMF groups was 31.4 (6.3) and 28.4 (4.4) years, respectively. Mean (SD) SLEDAI at the initit on ovarian reserve. No premature ovarian failure was noted at 1year. No ovarian dysfunction occurred in the MMF group, despite having patients with severe background lupus. Use of intravenous CYC for induction may thus not be restricted in young lupus females with incomplete families for fear of gonadotoxicity, especially in life- or organ-threatening situations, where the benefits outweigh this subclinical risk.

Ovarian dysfunction with monthly intravenous CYC (modified NIH regimen) was predominantly subclinical, with a negative effect on ovarian reserve. No premature ovarian failure was noted at 1 year. No ovarian dysfunction occurred in the MMF group, despite having patients with severe background lupus. Use of intravenous CYC for induction may thus not be restricted in young lupus females with incomplete families for fear of gonadotoxicity, especially in life- or organ-threatening situations, where the benefits outweigh this subclinical risk.A unique feature of fear memory is its persistence that is highly relevant to fear and anxiety-related mental disorders. Recurrent reactivation of neural representations acquired from a traumatic event is thought to contribute to the indelibility of fear memory. Given a well-established role of hippocampus for memory reactivation, hippocampus is likely involved in consolidation process of fear memory. However, evidence suggests that formation of fear memory to a discrete sensory cue is hippocampus-independent. Here, using a pharmacological reversible inactivation of dorsal hippocampus in auditory cued fear conditioning by local infusion of muscimol, we demonstrate in mice that hippocampus is critical for remote memory formation of learned fear to the discrete sensory cue. Muscimol infusion before conditioning did not affect formation of recent auditory fear memory as previously reported. Same muscimol infusion, however, impaired remote auditory fear memory. Muscimol infusion before remote test of auditory fear memory did not affect memory retrieval, indicating hippocampus is not a brain site for storage of remote cued fear memory.