Bennedsenprice5158

BACKGROUND Inflammation plays a major role in the initiation, destabilization and the progression of atherosclerosis. High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) reflects active systemic inflammation and have shown to be a strong predictor of future cardiovascular events. AIM The purpose of this study was to determine the role of High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) independent for atherosclerosis severity prediction and to find out which factors largely is affecting hs-CRP level in dyslipidemia patient. METHODS A total of 388 patients (267 dyslipidemia, 121 controls) were enrolled in this study. We investigated whether plasma hs-CRP is associated with atherosclerosis severity that was quantified by ankle-brachial index (ABI) and Doppler ultrasound. Related risk factor that influence hs-CRP levels in patients with dyslipidemia included determination of age, gender, diabetes, smoking, hypertension, total cholesterol, TG, LDL, HDL, and fasting glucose. RESULTS Data showed a significant association between hs-CRP concentration level and the severity of atherosclerosis (p less then 0.01). Univariate analysis showed that fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, and BMI were significantly positively correlated with hs-CRP levels. Whereas, HDL cholesterol was negatively correlated with hs-CRP levels. Multivariate regression analysis using model 1 and 2, showed that in determining hs-CRP levels, triglyceride and BMI were taking a big role. CONCLUSION Hs-CRP correlates with extent of atherosclerosis, and high triglyceride and BMI is closely associated with high hs-CRP levels in patients with dyslipidemia. Copyright © 2019 Dewa Ayu Swastini, Ida Ayu Dewi Wiryanthini, Ni Luh Putu Ariastuti, Agus Muliantara.BACKGROUND Infection is the most common diseases in developing country, including Indonesia. Bacteria that often causes infection is Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. One of the traditional plants that can be used as an antibacterial is lidah mertua. AIM The purpose of this study was to find out the profile of chemical compounds by thin layer chromatography method and determine the antibacterial activity of Lidah Mertua leaves by in vitro. METHODS This research conducted an experimentally using non-polar, semipolar, and polar as solvents to get extract against E. coli and S. aureus as bacterial testing. The antibacterial activity using agar diffusion method to get minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). RESULTS The result of the research on thin layer chromatography showed that the compounds contained in the Lidah Mertua leaves were polifenol, steroids and alkaloids. The data obtained were tabulated and analysed descriptively. The antibacterial activity show that n-hexane extract does not provide inhibitory activity. MIC value show that aethyl acetate extract of lidah mertua leaves inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus at concentration 50 mg/mL and 25 mg/mL with diameters of inhibition zone is 8.50 mm and 8.20 mm and methanol extract of lidah mertua leaves inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus at concentration 12.5 mg/mL and 25 mg/mL with diameters of inhibition zone is 8.46 mm and 8.32 mm. CONCLUSION The profile of chemical compounds by thin layer chromatography method showed that the compounds contained in the Lidah Mertua leaves were polifenol, steroids and alkaloids. The antibacterial activity show that n-hexane extract does not provide inhibitory activity, but aethyl acetate extract of lidah mertua leaves inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus. Copyright © 2019 Yessi Febriani, Vriezka Mierza, Novi Putri Handayani, Surismayanti Surismayanti, Ibrenaita Ginting.BACKGROUND CMC is one of the water-soluble polysaccharide derivatives obtained from cellulose. Alkalization and carboxymethylation process will influence the quality of the CMC. The use of a combination of mixed solvents and varying alkali concentrations in the synthesis process of CMC needs to be studied so that CMC can be synthesized with the proper characteristics. AIM This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of carboxymethyl cellulose synthesized using various solvents and NaOH concentrations. METHODS Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was synthesized using solvent mixture, namely isopropanol isobutanol (30 70) and isopropanolethanol (50 50) with varied concentration of NaOH of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, respectively. Synthesized CMC was characterized by an organoleptic test, pH, infrared analysis, and degree of substitution (DS). RESULTS The result showed that characteristics of synthesized CMC were different from one another. The organoleptic test showed that synthesized CMC uses isopropanol isobutanol (30 70) was coarse powder, odourless and tasteless, ivory until burlywood along with increasing NaOH concentration; while the synthesized CMC with isopropanol ethanol (50 50) was a colourless, odourless, tasteless and fine powder. The pH of synthesized CMC was neutral. Infrared profile of synthesized CMC indicated the existence of carboxyl functional groups in 1600-1640 cm-1 region. The degree of substitution value of formula II-5, II-10, II-15, II-20, II-25, IE-5, IE-10, IE-15, IE-20, and IE-25 were 0.885;0.757; 0.685; 0.592; 0.575; 0.611; 0.906; 0.603; 0.671; 0.751, respectively. CONCLUSION Characteristics of CMC vary depending on the type of solvent mixture and NaOH concentrations used in synthesis. The more polarity of a solvent mixture the more colourless and higher DS value of synthesized CMC. PF-04620110 On the other hand, the more alkali concentration in synthesis CMC the more colour and higher DS value was acquired. Copyright © 2019 Henny Sri Wahyuni, Sri Yuliasmi, Hanifah Siti Aisyah, Devi Riati.BACKGROUND North Sumatra is one of the regions in Indonesia that produce bananas. Banana stems and peels contain cellulose and it can be isolated in nanofiber form. Carboxymethylcellulose is a cellulose derivative that undergoes an alkalization and etherification process. AIM This research was conducted to evaluate the alkalization effect on synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose from stem and peel cellulose of banana. METHODS Stem and peel of banana was extracted with NaOH 17.5% and the extract was synthesized to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The synthesis of CMC was beginning with alkalization process in variation of NaOH concentration and the reaction was then etherificated with sodium monochloroacetate. CMC was characterized by FTIR and DS values were determined. RESULTS FTIR spectra of synthesized CMC had different pattern compared to cellulose. It showed that an etherification reaction had been occurred in the cellulose compound. Spectra of CMC with variation in alkali concentration was not much different from one another.