Bengtssonbutler6823

49, respectively). Electromyography activity showed significant differences (p≤0.05) during curve sprinting between outside (higher in biceps femoris and gluteus medius) and inside leg (higher activity in semitendinosus and adductor). In summary, inside and outside leg play different roles during curved sprints, but inside leg is more affected by the change from straight to curve sprint.This study aimed to examine the normative data for the SARTS rugby tests in elite and schoolboy rugby players. A second aim was to examine differences between level of sport and position of play in the SARTS rugby tests. Elite (N = 57) and Schoolboy (N = 63) rugby players performed the SARTS tests relevant to rugby players each for 1 min, with 1-2 min rest between each test. A 2×2 factorial ANOVA was used to assess for the main effect of player position and player level of play. Results showed that elite players performed more Ball Abduction External Rotation (BABER) (dominant and non-dominant), Side Hold Rotations (dominant and non-dominant), Ball Taps (dominant and non-dominant), and Overhead Snatch than schoolboy players. Heavier players performed fewer Push-up Claps. Injured rugby players should perform at least the mean value of the repetitions of the SARTS tests before returning to contact training after an injury.Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of self-reported pre-injury anxiety diagnosis on persistent symptom development, vestibular symptom severity, and balance control among youth who sustained a concussion. We performed a retrospective study of patients seen at a specialty pediatric concussion clinic. Patients were 18 years of age or younger, examined within 10 days of concussion, and received care until full recovery. A questionnaire was used to assess pre-existing medical and psychiatric conditions, including anxiety. Our main outcomes were prolonged symptom recovery defined as persistent symptoms for > 28 days after concussion) and severity of vestibular symptoms. Patients who reported pre-injury anxiety (n=43; median age=14.9 years; 37% female) were more likely to experience symptoms>28 days post-injury (76 vs. 54%; p=0.04) than those without pre-existing anxiety (n=241; median age=14.9 years; 53% female). After adjusting for sex, history of migraine, depression and ADHD, however, there was no independent association between pre-existing anxiety and prolonged symptom duration (adjusted odds ratio=2.34; 95% CI=0.083-6.63; p=0.11). Pre-existing anxiety was independently associated with self-reported nausea/vomiting severity (β coefficient=0.59, 95% CI=0.07-1.11). A pre-existing anxiety diagnosis does not appear to be associated with persistent symptoms after concussion, although it may be associated with post-injury nausea.Objective To validate transcranial sonography (TCS) as a novel imaging tool for the assessment of medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy (MTA). Materials and methods Participants with Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 30) and age-sex-matched controls (n = 30) underwent TCS and MRI. On TCS, MTL structures (choroidal fissure (CF) and temporal horn (TH)) were measured and combined to create an MTA score in sonography (MTA-S). Furthermore, both THs and the third ventricle were combined to form the ventricle enlargement score in sonography (VES-S). On MRI, the MTL was evaluated by linear measurements, MTA scale and hippocampal volumetry. Validation was performed by comparing imaging methods and the patient group. Results Intraclass correlations for CF and TH showed substantial intra/inter-rater reliability (> 0.80). TCS and MRI showed strong to moderate correlation regarding TH (right = 0.88, left = 0.89) and CF (right = 0.70, left = 0.47). MTA-S correlated significantly with the hippocampal volume (right = -0.51, left = -0.47), predicted group membership in logistic regression (Exp(B) right = 3.0, left = 2.7), and could separate AD patients from controls (AUC = 0.93). An MTA-S of 6 mm and 10 mm discriminated MRI MTA scores 0-1 (from 2-4) and MTA score 4 (from 0-3) with 100 % specificity, respectively. VES-S also showed a moderate correlation with the hippocampal volume (r = -0.66) and could differentiate AD patients from controls (AUC = 0.93). Conclusion Our results suggest that TCS may be an alternative imaging tool for the assessment of MTL atrophy and ventricular enlargement for patients in whom MRI scanning is not possible. Additionally, TCS offers a practical, patient-friendly and inexpensive option for the screening and follow-up of individuals with AD.Purpose To investigate how the extent of an ultrasound instructor's clinical expertise influences the level of hands-on ultrasound competency achieved by clinicians after three-day ultrasound courses in abdominal and emergency ultrasound. The second goal was to determine how physicians in residency rate the sonographic and didactic skills of student instructors compared to medical staff instructors. Method A total of N = 100 residents participating in a 3-day ultrasound workshop were randomly trained either by 15 student instructors or by clinical staff physicians, both with > 2 years of teaching experience. Both instructor groups had previously completed 120 hours of didactic instructor training. Ultrasound competencies were assessed by a standardized objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) of healthy individuals. The sonographic and didactic skills of both instructor groups were rated by questionnaires with six-step Likert items (1 = excellent, 6 = poor). Acetylcysteine in vivo Results The cohort, trained by student instructors, achieved the same scoring level as the second cohort, trained by physician instructors (mean score 76.4, versus 73.7 of max. 100 points, p = 0.28) in the final OSCE. The sonographic qualification was rated for student educators as 1.44 (mean) [1.1-1.62], versus residents 1.46 [1.26-1.61], versus attendings 1.29 [1.05-1.61]. Didactic skill levels were rated without significant differences with means of 1.53, 1.57 and 1.53, respectively. Discussion & conclusion The didactic competence of student instructors does not differ statistically from the competency levels of experienced physicians. In terms of the acquired ultrasound skills of trainees, our data indicate that student instructors can be as efficient as staff instructors. Therefore, student instructors can be employed as resource-saving ultrasound educators without decreasing the skills level achieved by course participants, provided that they previously underwent a comprehensive didactic and sonographic training program.