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It now can be used in combination with existing anti-VEGF treatments with the intravitreal agents addressing the component of the CRVO-induced macular edema due to the cytokine dysregulation, and the L-CRA addressing the component due to the elevated CVP and retinal venous stagnation. Improvements in laser technology have led to higher success rates in L-CRA creation and potential complications are now minimized and better controlled. The combination of L-CRA with intravitreal anti-VEGF agents offers the potential of a permanent cure with a significant reduction in the burden of therapy and improved visual outcomes in this condition.Chinese ophthalmology residency training is continuously evolving with an emphasis on standardization. In this article, we assess the current status of ophthalmology residency training in China compared with that in the United States through analysis of literature review and onsite data collection. We comprehensively review various aspects of the residency training structure in China, including accreditation, resident selection, clinical and surgical curricula, research requirements, and evaluation. Our report demonstrates significant regional differences among training programs due to the lack of a national standard, resulting in varying competencies of graduating Chinese ophthalmology residents. The Chinese ophthalmology community is determined to improve the standardization process and quality of training for their ophthalmologists, an important goal that will facilitate international fellowship studies, exchange scholars, and research collaboration.Zabriskie, HA, Dobrosielski, DA, Leppert, KM, Droege, AJ, Knuth, ND, and Lisman, PJ. Positional analysis of body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football and men's lacrosse. J Strength Cond Res XX(X) 000-000, 2020-Despite the widespread use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), few studies have examined differences in body composition between positions within sports and none have reported DXA-derived body composition reference values for men's lacrosse. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in measures of total and regional body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) using DXA across sport positions in a large cohort of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I male lacrosse and football players. A total of 294 male athletes (football, n = 196; lacrosse, n = 98) underwent DXA. One-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to examine whether body composition variables differed by sports position. In football, position was a significant determinant for every compositional variable in football athletes (all, p 0.05). Our data confirm that total and regional measures of body composition and BMD vary across positions in football but not in men's lacrosse. Unlike football, similarities in body composition among lacrosse players may indicate that the uniformity of training demands or preferred player attributes in team selection outweigh the unique positional demands in gameplay.Correcting for eddy currents, movement-induced distortion and gradient inhomogeneities is imperative when processing diffusion MRI (dMRI) data, but is highly computing resource-intensive. Recently, Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) was implemented for the widely-used eddy-correction software, 'eddy', which reduces processing time and allows more comprehensive correction. We investigated processing speed, performance and compatibility of CUDA-enabled eddy-current correction processing compared to commonly-used non-CUDA implementations. Four representative dMRI datasets from the Human Connectome Project, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and Chronic Diseases Connectome Project were processed on high-specification and regular workstations through three different configurations of 'eddy'. Processing times and graphics processing unit (GPU) resources used were monitored and compared. Using CUDA reduced the 'eddy' processing time by a factor of up to five. The CUDA slice-to-volume correction method was also faster than non-CUDA eddy except when datasets were large. We make a series of recommendations for eddy configuration and hardware. We suggest that users of eddy-correction software for dMRI processing utilise CUDA and take advantage of the slice-to-volume correction option. We recommend that users run eddy on computers with at least 32GB motherboard random access memory (RAM), and a graphics card with at least 4.5GB RAM and 3750 cores to optimise processing time.Chronic pain results in a variety of neural adaptations, many of which are maladaptive and result in hypersensitivity to pain. In humans, this hypersensitivity can be debilitating and treatment options are limited. Fortunately, there are numerous animal models that mimic clinical populations and have the potential to aid in the evaluation of underlying mechanisms and ultimately the development of better treatments. One of these is the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-model of chronic inflammatory pain. In rodents, this model requires the injection of CFA into the hindpaw, muscle, or joint, which induces inflammation similar to what might be found in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis or tendonitis. While the mechanistic effects CFA on the spinal cord are well established, less is known about the effects of CFA on the brain. Temsirolimus inhibitor Thus, in this study, neuronal activation, as measured by c-Fos immunocytochemistry, in brain regions important to control of pain was evaluated. Animals that received CFA treatment, and tested 3 days later for mechanical allodynia and edema, had an increase in the number of c-Fos immunopositive cells in the basolateral amygdala, but not in any of the other brain regions that were evaluated. Given that the basolateral amygdala is known to be important for pain-related emotional responses, these data suggest that the CFA-model may provide an opportunity to further explore how pain affects this brain region at a mechanistic level, which in turn may shed light on what may be occurring in clinical populations.