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The findings of this scoping review indicate a need for adequate preparedness during a pandemic within the health and social care sector to protect health and social care personnel and the individuals they care for.

Children with Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) have an increased risk of sleep apnea. The aim of the study was to describe the management of CM-I patients in relation to symptoms, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and sleep apnea syndrome (SAS).

We performed a retrospective analysis of clinical charts of all 57 CM-I patients seen between September 2013 and April 2017.

A total of 45 patients had isolated CM-I or associated co-morbidity (CM-Iia), 5 had craniosynostosis (CM-Ics), and 7 a polymalformative syndrome (CM-Ipm). The prevalence of SAS, defined as an apnea-hypopnea index >1 event/h, was high in CM-I ranging from 50% to 80% according to the CM-I group. The prevalence of central sleep apnea (CSA) was low, with 5 (9%) patients having CSA and only 3 patients with CM-Iia having isolated CSA. A total of 17 patients (30%) had foramen magnum decompression (FMD). Neither positive symptoms of CM-I nor MRI findings alone, nor both combined were good indicators for FMD. No correlation was observed between the cerebellar tonsil descent and SAS in CM-I. But all 5 patients with CSA had a FMD. The combination of MRI findings and/or symptoms of CM-I together with moderate-to-severe SAS best discriminated patients who needed a FMD.

Our findings highlight the importance of a combined evaluation of symptoms, MRI and polygraphy results in the management of CM-I patients.

Our findings highlight the importance of a combined evaluation of symptoms, MRI and polygraphy results in the management of CM-I patients.

Protein-based biomarkers are widely used in monitoring patients with diagnosed cancer. These biomarkers however, lack specificity for cancer and have poor sensitivity in detecting early recurrences and monitoring therapy effectiveness. Emerging data suggest that the use of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has several advantages over standard biomarkers.

Following curative-intent surgery for cancer, the presence of ctDNA is highly predictive of early disease recurrence, while in metastatic cancer an early decline in ctDNA following the initiation of treatment is predictive of good outcome. selleck compound Compared with protein biomarkers, ctDNA provides greater cancer specificity and sensitivity for detecting early recurrent/metastatic disease. Thus, in patients with surgically resected colorectal cancer, multiple studies have shown that ctDNA is superior to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in detecting residual disease and early recurrence. Similarly, in breast cancer, ctDNA was shown to be more accurate than carbohydrate antr outcome for patients.WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT THE SUBJECT? Although sexual violence is prevalent, incidents of stranger rape remain statistically uncommon. Societal stigma and myths surrounding sexual violence are widespread. An individual's experience in the immediate aftermath and beyond can be shaped by the perception/s of sexual violence which are held and expressed by those they come into contact with. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE? This paper adds to the limited literature base and the population and practical-knowledge gap around a specific form of sexual violence. This paper also demonstrates the need for reflection and discussion in minimizing blame that can unconsciously be shifted onto survivors in the form of myths and stereotypical views of sexual violence. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE? Perceptions may be held around sexual violence, and by extension about the survivor, which may impede engagement and the building of trust within a therapeutic relationship. Myths that are synonymous with rape and alstories of sexual violence, which are unfortunately commonplace among those who access mental health services. Implications for Practice For professionals holding the privileged position of hearing these stories, there is a need to be reflective as to how fear, and personal or professionally held myths and stigmatizing views of sexual violence, and by extension views towards the survivor, are carried into therapeutic spaces, and the implications these can have. Practical suggestions as to how to discuss and manage disclosure of sexual violence in the context of trauma informed care are also provided.Since 2016, numerous American and Canadian diplomats and secret (intelligence) agents in Cuba, China, and other places in the world have experienced an abrupt onset of unusual clinical symptoms including, tinnitus, visual problems, vertigo, and cognitive difficulties, after they encountered strange sounds; this has been called "Havana syndrome" (HS). MEDLINE, Scopus, and Ovid databases from 2016 until 24 September 2021 were systematically searched for the related published manuscripts. The following search strategy was implemented "Havana syndrome" OR "Neurological Symptoms and US Diplomats". The primary search yielded 120 publications. Only five original studies and 18 non-original articles were considered to be relevant. While these studies provided a constellation of signs and symptoms for HS, none provided a good level of evidence. In conclusion, Havana syndrome is a nonspecific neurological illness with an unidentified causative factor(s), an acute phase of auditory-vestibular symptoms and a chronic phase of nonspecific neurobehavioral symptoms. This syndrome should be considered and investigated as a health concern, and not as a political issue.

5-alpha reductase (5-AR) enzyme is responsible for conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in humans, which subserves various functions. The aim of the study was to establish a normal reference interval (RI) for blood levels of the enzyme 5-AR.

We conducted a prospective study on 150 boys, 75 of whom underwent circumcision for various benign conditions or for religious reasons (Group A/controls) and 75 suffering from hypospadias of variable severity (Group B/cases). The plasma levels of 5-AR were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in all 150 boys and correlated with the severity of hypospadias.

The 5-AR levels in Group A ranged from 14.6 to 17.3 ng/mL. The enzyme levels decreased in value with increasing severity of hypospadias in Group B (P-value <0.01 - statistically significant). The levels of the enzyme in this group ranged from 0.6 ng/mL (in the most severe variety of hypospadias) to 11.5 ng/mL (mild variety of hypospadias).

There is no record of RI values of 5-AR in the literature. The RI of 5-AR needs to be determined by conducting more studies globally. Its levels falls considerably with clinical severity of hypospadias, reinforcing the importance of the enzyme in the development of male external genitalia.

There is no record of RI values of 5-AR in the literature. The RI of 5-AR needs to be determined by conducting more studies globally. Its levels falls considerably with clinical severity of hypospadias, reinforcing the importance of the enzyme in the development of male external genitalia.SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are being administered worldwide. Most of the reported side effects are mild and self-limiting with few reported cases of severe adverse reactions. Here we report a case of acute cellular rejection in a kidney transplant recipient following vaccination with an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. fifty- one years old man with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, who had received a kidney transplantation from a living related donor, 3 years ago, presented with an impaired kidney function seven days after receiving the first dose of Sinovac's COVID-19 vaccine. Kidney transplant biopsy revealed acute cellular rejection. The allograft function completely recovered after treatment with steroids. The analysis and investigation of the complications and adverse reactions induced by anti-COVID-19 vaccines, could increase our understanding of the underlying pathogenesis. DOI 10.52547/ijkd.6915.Silicate stones are extraordinarily rare in human beings, but when present, they are often associated with ingestion of Magnesium Trisilicate, an antacid medication. However, there have been few case reports of patients who developed silicate stones, without ingestion of Magnesium Trisilicate. Hereby, we present the case of a 67-year-old man who developed acute kidney injury due to obstructive uropathy, detected during his scheduled chemotherapy for his relapsing multiple myeloma. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scan imaging demonstrated multiple non-mobile calcifications in the bladder neck/prostate bed. Stone analysis showed a material resembling silica. This case with silicate urinary tract stone highlights this extra-rare urinary stone in a patient without any identified source of silicate. DOI 10.52547/ijkd.7044.

SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported to have a greater mortality rate in adults receiving dialysis, as compared to general population. Hence, vaccination is very important in this vulnerable population group, in order to achieve an acceptable level of immunity. The aim of this study was to compare the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike protein receptor-binding domain IgG neutralizing antibody before and after vaccination with two doses of Sinopharm® vaccine, in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Ninety patients on maintenance in-center hemodialysis received two doses of Sinopharm® COVID-19 vaccine with an interval of about 28 days. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike protein receptor-binding domain IgG (Anti-RBD) neutralizing antibody was measured with an ELISA kit. All statistical analyses were performed by SPSS-26 software.

The absolute mean (± SE) change in antibody titer following full-scheduled vaccination was 8.98 ± 1.49 µg/mL. The rate of seroconversion was 31.1% after two doses of vaccine. In addition, the rate of seroconversion was higher in those with a history of COVID-19 than in those without a history of COVID-19.

The administration of booster doses, doubling of the dose in each episode of vaccination schedule as well as combination of different vaccine platforms are recommended to increase COVID-19 vaccine efficacy in hemodialysis patients. DOI 10.52547/ijkd.7024.

The administration of booster doses, doubling of the dose in each episode of vaccination schedule as well as combination of different vaccine platforms are recommended to increase COVID-19 vaccine efficacy in hemodialysis patients. DOI 10.52547/ijkd.7024.

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP-1), AQP-3 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in peritoneal tissues of patients without kidney disease, chronic kidney disease at stages 5 (CKD 5) and patients on prolonged peritoneal dialysis with ultrafiltration failure (PDUFF), and elucidate the possible mechanism of peritoneal dialysis ultrafiltration failure.

Peritoneal specimens were collected from the following patient groups at Xianju People's hospital CKD 5, PD-UFF and normal control groups. Routine staining and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on samples obtained from the three groups.

The expression of AQP-1 and AQP-3 on peritoneal mesothelial cells, peritoneal vessels and in the interstitium was significantly lower in the PD-UFF group than the CKD 5 and control groups (P < .01), while no statistically significant difference was found between the CKD 5 and control groups (P > .05). In contrast, VEGF-A expression was significantly higher in peritoneal mesothelial cells, peritoneal vessels and the interstitium in the PD-UFF group than the CKD 5 and control groups (P < .