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In 2015, Uhrbrand et al. CX-5461 in vitro published the first review on Parkinson´s disease (PD) and exercise entirely based on randomized controlled trials (RCT) applying strict exercise definitions. The present review aimed to update the PD literature by assessing the effects of different intensive exercise modalities resistance training (RT), endurance training (ET), and other intensive exercise modalities (OITM). An updated systematic literature search identified 33 new RCTs. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed. A total of 18 RT, 14 ET, and 1 OITM studies were identified (adding to the 8 RT, 6 ET, and 4 OITM studies identified by Uhrbrand et al. in 2015). RT, ET, and OITM were feasible, safe, and did not worsen PD symptoms. Furthermore, RT, ET, and OITM may positively affect functional outcomes (e.g., balance) and depressive symptoms in PD but inconsistencies across these findings warrant cautious conclusions. Meta-analyses showed that RT had a positive impact on muscle strength (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.83 [95% CI;0.54, 1.12]), functional capacity (Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) SMD = -0.62 [-1.01, -0.24]), and quality of life (SMD = -0.41 [-0.72, -0.09]), while ET had a positive impact on cardiorespiratory fitness (SMD = 0.27 [0.07, 0.47]) and functional capacity (TUG SMD = -0.21 [-0.46, 0.04], 6-Min Walk Test SMD = 0.89 [0.17, 1.62]), and a potentially positive impact on "on-medication" UPDRS-III (SMD = -0.15 [-0.38, 0.09]) and "off-medication" UPDRS-III (SMD = -0.19 [-0.41, 0.04]). In conclusion, RT, ET, and OITM all represent safe, feasible, and beneficial adjunct rehabilitation strategies in PD, with particularly RT and ET showing solid effects.Stationary points embedded in the derivatives are often critical for a model to be interpretable and may be considered as key features of interest in many applications. We propose a semiparametric Bayesian model to efficiently infer the locations of stationary points of a nonparametric function, which also produces an estimate of the function. We use Gaussian processes as a flexible prior for the underlying function and impose derivative constraints to control the function's shape via conditioning. We develop an inferential strategy that intentionally restricts estimation to the case of at least one stationary point, bypassing possible mis-specifications in the number of stationary points and avoiding the varying dimension problem that often brings in computational complexity. We illustrate the proposed methods using simulations and then apply the method to the estimation of event-related potentials derived from electroencephalography (EEG) signals. We show how the proposed method automatically identifies characteristic components and their latencies at the individual level, which avoids the excessive averaging across subjects that is routinely done in the field to obtain smooth curves. By applying this approach to EEG data collected from younger and older adults during a speech perception task, we are able to demonstrate how the time course of speech perception processes changes with age.
Chromosome 3-linked frontotemporal dementia (FTD-3) is caused by a c.532-1G>C mutation in the CHMP2B gene. It is extensively studied in a Danish family comprising one of the largest families with an autosomal dominantly inherited frontotemporal dementia (FTD). This retrospective cohort study utilizes demographics to identify risk factors for onset, progression, life expectancy, and death in CHMP2B-mediated FTD. The pedigree of 528 individuals in six generations is provided, and clinical descriptions are presented. Choices of genetic testing are evaluated.
Demographic and lifestyle factors were assessed in survival analysis in all identified CHMP2B mutation carriers (44clinically affected FTD-3 patients and 16 presymptomatic CHMP2B mutation carriers). Predictors of onset and progression included sex, parental disease course, education, and vascular risk factors. Life expectancy was established by matching CHMP2B mutation carriers with average life expectancies in Denmark.
Disease course was not correlated to parental disease course and seemed unmodified by lifestyle factors. Diagnosis was recognized at an earlier age in members with higher levels of education, probably reflecting an early dysexecutive syndrome, unmasked earlier in people with higher work-related requirements. Carriers of the CHMP2B mutation had a significant reduction in life expectancy of 13years. Predictive genetic testing was chosen by 20% of at-risk family members.
CHMP2B-mediated FTD is substantiated as an autosomal dominantly inherited disease of complete penetrance. The clinical phenotype is a behavioral variant FTD. The disease course is unpredictable, and life expectancy is reduced. The findings may be applicable to other genetic FTD subtypes.
CHMP2B-mediated FTD is substantiated as an autosomal dominantly inherited disease of complete penetrance. The clinical phenotype is a behavioral variant FTD. The disease course is unpredictable, and life expectancy is reduced. The findings may be applicable to other genetic FTD subtypes.
Caring for older people has become a focus for simulation-based education. Specifically, aging simulation has emerged as an innovative and effective educational approach that utilizes aging-suits for nurses to gain insight into the aging process and the everyday difficulties faced by older people. There is limited evidence within the literature about how researchers and educators support decision-making processes in the design, implementation, and evaluation of aging simulation programs.
This is a theoretical development paper and its purpose is to explore the practical application of the Jeffries Simulation Theory in the design, implementation, and evaluation of an aging simulation program to contribute to knowledge development and guide educational practices for nurse educators and researchers.
The authors describe a practical application of the theory to an aging simulation program using the five key theory components context, background, design, simulation experience, and outcomes. Specific theory strengths are highlighted in practical examples generated from the authors aging simulation interventional study example engaging stakeholders, consideration of additional observer simulation roles, reflective debrief discussions, influence of facilitator and participant personal attributes, and outcomes beyond the participants.
The Jeffries Simulation Theory is well suited for underpinning the design, implementation, and evaluation of aging simulation programs.
The Jeffries Simulation Theory is well suited for underpinning the design, implementation, and evaluation of aging simulation programs.
Hospitalized patients who have difficulty performing activities of daily living (ADLs) benefit from occupational therapy services; however, disparities in access to such services are understudied.
To investigate whether need (i.e., limited ADL performance) predicts acute care occupational therapy utilization and whether this relationship differs across sociodemographic factors and insurance type.
A secondary analysis of electronic health records data. Logistic regression models were specified to determine whether ADL performance predicted use of occupational therapy treatment. Interactions were included to investigate whether the relationship between ADL performance and occupational therapy utilization varied across sociodemographic factors (e.g., age) and insurance type.
A total of 56,022 adults admitted to five regional hospitals between 2014 and 2018 who received an occupational therapy evaluation.
None. Outcomes and Measures Occupational therapy service utilization, Activity Measure for Post-Acut across sociodemographic characteristics and insurance type. Identifying potential determinants of disparities in acute care occupational therapy utilization is the first step in developing strategies to reduce barriers for those in need.
Greater need was positively associated with receiving occupational therapy services, but this relationship was moderated by age, minoritized status, significant other status, and insurance type. The findings provide direction for exploring determinants of disparities in occupational therapy utilization. What This Article Adds Acute care occupational therapy utilization is driven partly by patient need, but potential disparities in access to beneficial services may exist across sociodemographic characteristics and insurance type. Identifying potential determinants of disparities in acute care occupational therapy utilization is the first step in developing strategies to reduce barriers for those in need.no summary.no summary.no summary.In the Polish penalty procedure, the witness is an important source of evidence. The court assesses his credibility in the light of the free assessment of evidence directives' principles (Article 7 of the Code of Criminal Procedure - CCP). In a situation where there is doubt about the mental state of the witness, his mental development condition, his ability to perceive or recreate perceptions, the court or the prosecutor, according to the content of Article 192 §2 of the CCP, may order an interrogation of awitness with the participation of, among others, expert psychologist. This may take place, for example, in case of a witness with mental disorders or awitness in old age. Opinions drawn up by an expert psychologists are also very helpful in the process of assessing the credibility of the witness's testimony, especially in interrogation of a witness under the age of 15 (Article 185a and b of the CCP). The psychologist may also take part in interrogation of a witness in cases related to offenses specified in Article 197-199 of the CC (Article 185c § 3 of the CCP). The presence of an expert psychologist in the courtroom or in a place specifically designated by the procedural authorities, is conditioned by the disclosure of circumstances justifying the suspicion of the existence of factors that disrupt or exclude the ability to perceive, remember and reproduce observations and reporting facts. These circumstances are not always the real doubts concerning the mental state of the witness, and the role of an expert psychologist in these tasks is often not fully used.
The basic aim of the research was to analyze the associations between the traits of psychopathy in the triarchic model (boldness, meanness, disinhibition) and the level of psychological resilience and preferred style of coping with stress in the group of adolescents violating legal norms. The author assumes that the key symptoms in this relationship would be played by the symptoms of psychopathy included in the dimension of boldness.
The group of participants consisted of 111 girls and boys aged 16-18 years staying in youth correctional facilities. The Polish adaptation of the TriPM questionnaire was used to measure the severity of psychopathic traits in juveniles (Patrick, 2010, Pilch at al., 2015). The structure of psychological resilience and styles of coping with stress in the studied group were measured with the use of self-report methods Skala Prężności Psychicznej/SPP-18 (Polish scale to measure resilience in children and adolescents, Ogińska-Bulik, Juczyński 2011) and the CISS questionnaire respectively.
