Begumchristophersen3794

Brain insulin resistance is a major factor leading to impaired cognitive function and it is considered as the onset of Alzheimer´s disease. Insulin resistance is intimately linked to inflammatory conditions, many studies have revealed how pro-inflammatory cytokines lead to insulin resistance, by inhibiting IRS1 function. Thus, the dysfunction of insulin signaling is concomitant with inflammatory biomarkers. However, the specific effect of IRS1 impaired function in otherwise healthy brain has not been dissected out. So, we decided in our study, to study the specific role of IRS1 in the hippocampus, in the absence of comorbidities. To that end, shRNA against rat and human IRS1 was designed and tested in cultured HEK cells to evaluate mRNA levels and specificity. The best candidate sequence was encapsulated in an AAV vector (strain DJ8) under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter and together with the green fluorescent protein gene as a reporter. AAV-CMV-shIRS1-EGFP and control AAV-CMV-EGFP were inoculatednsulin/IGF1 pathway in specific hippocampal circuitries can underlie alterations in synaptic plasticity and affect behavior, in the absence of inflammatory conditions.

Job stress has proven to be a relevant cause of stress for adults, but its effect on the development of metabolic alterations in individuals with obesity is still poorly explored. We aimed to investigate the association between job stress and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) phenotype in participants with obesity at the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) baseline assessment.

This study analyzed data collected at the baseline examination between 2008 and 2010. A total of 2371 individuals with obesity were included. Two metabolic phenotypes were characterized based on the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey criteria. The job stress scale was based on the Brazilian version of the Swedish Demand-Control-Support Questionnaire. The association between job stress domains and MUO phenotype was assessed by binary logistic models.

In our sample, 1297 (54.7%) participants were women, mean age was 49.6 ± 7.1years and 1696 (71.5%) had MUO. Low skill discretion was associated with MUO after adjustment for age, sex and race. However, in fully-adjusted models, the MUO phenotype was not associated with high job demand (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.82-1.35), low skill discretion (OR = 1.26; 95%CI 0.95-1.68), low decision authority (OR = 0.94; 95%CI 0.70-1.25) nor low social support (OR = 0.93; 95%CI 0.71-1.20).

We found a significant association between low skill discretion and an adverse metabolic profile in models adjusted for age, sex and race. No associations were significant between job stress domains and the metabolic profile of individuals with obesity in full models.

We found a significant association between low skill discretion and an adverse metabolic profile in models adjusted for age, sex and race. No associations were significant between job stress domains and the metabolic profile of individuals with obesity in full models.Most foods with probiotics claims are associated to dairy products, whose consumption is restricted to part of the population, creating a favorable scenario for the development of probiotic foods in alternative matrices. However, the development of probiotic foods in non-dairy matrices is still a technological challenge, since the foods intrinsic parameters can cause injuries to microorganisms. An alternative to protect the microbial cells in adverse environments involves encapsulation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of alginate-jaboticaba peel blend in the improvement of encapsulation efficiency, viability maintenance, and cell survival of Bifidobacterium BB12® under simulated gastrointestinal digestion and after incorporating in traditional jaboticaba jam. ARC155858 The particles were obtained by ion gelling technique using alginate with or without powdered jaboticaba peel. The addition of jaboticaba peel in particles improved encapsulation efficiency (> 90%) and resulted in higher cell survival in simulated gastrointestinal digestion. During storage in jam, the loss in cell viability was approximately constant c.a. 0.5 log CFU/g/day for encapsulated cells and c.a. 1.0 log CFU/g/day for free cells. These results suggest that use of alginate and powdered jaboticaba peel blend is a promising approach to protect Bifidobacterium BB12® against adverse environments, such as non-dairy food matrices. KEY POINTS • Powdered jaboticaba peel increased the encapsulation efficiency in alginate particles. • Encapsulation improved cell survival under adverse conditions. • Useful approach for the development of non-conventional probiotic products. Graphical abstract.The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus has been detected in wild birds and poultry worldwide. The threat caused by HPAI H5N8 virus still exists with concerns for human infection. The preparedness for epidemic prevention and decreasing the agricultural and economic lost is extremely important. Hemagglutinin (HA), a surface glycoprotein of influenza viruses, is considered as the major target for detection of the influenza virus subtype in the infected samples. In this study, the recombinant H5N8 HA1 and HA2 proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli, and were utilized to generate two monoclonal antibodies, named 7H6C and YC8. 7H6C can bind the HA proteins of H5N1 and H5N8, but cannot bind the HA proteins of H1N1, H3N2, and H7N9, indicating that it has H5-subtype specificity. In contrast, YC8 can bind the HA proteins of H1N1, H5N1, and H5N8, but cannot bind the HA proteins of H3N2 and H7N9, indicating that it has H1-subtype and H5-subtype specificity. The epitope sequences recognized by 7H6C are located in the head domain of H5N8 HA, and are highly conserved in H5 subtypes. The epitope sequences recognized by YC8 are located in the stalk domain of H5N8 HA, and are highly conserved among the H1 and H5 subtypes. 7H6C and YC8 can be applied for specific detection of the HA proteins of H5N8 and H5Nx avian influenza viruses. KEY POINTS • The mAb 7H6C or YC8 was generated by using the HA1 or HA2 of the HPAI H5N8 virus as the immunogen. • 7H6C recognized the head domain of H5N8 HA, and YC8 recognized the stalk domain of H5N8 HA. • 7H6C and YC8 can detect the HA proteins of H5Nx subtypes specifically.