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escent age group. Low-stress lifestyle could be a promising approach to sidestep depressive symptoms.

The study aimed to measure the level of the stigma of medical students at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh campus, towards mentally ill patients.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh. The data collection was started in July 2017 till March 2018. The students completed a self-administered questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic data and the Community Attitudes toward the Mentally Ill (CAMI) Scale.

The sample size was realized as 274 participants. There were no significant differences in all CAMI subscales for the different academic years except for Authoritarianism which showed a significant increase in the level of stigma (P-value = 0.04). Selleckchem Atezolizumab Male gender, previous psychiatric treatment, and having a relative with psychiatric illness were associated with higher Authoritarianism and Social Restrictiveness scores and lower Benevolence and CMHI scores.

More stigma was observed among the 4

year students and it might be due to insufficient academic preparation as well as more exposure to psychiatric rotations.

The results support the importance of implementing anti-stigma programs throughout the medical program to improve the healthcare provided to mentally ill patients.

The results support the importance of implementing anti-stigma programs throughout the medical program to improve the healthcare provided to mentally ill patients.

Effective clinical decision-making skills enhance the quality of patient care. Clinical reasoning and decision-making are fundamental aspects of best physiotherapy clinical practice.

To evaluate the effectiveness of an evidence-based structured educational workshop in enhancing physiotherapists' clinical decision-making skills.

A pre-post design conducted in a medical college.

A workshop protocol was developed based on the existing evidence and clinical practice guidelines. The workshop was advertised on the social media page of Nepal Physiotherapy association. On the first come first serve method; physiotherapists were selected. Those who met eligibility criteria were recruited for one of two workshops. Discussion was made on clinical scenarios aimed at enhancing clinical decision-making skills. Data were collected before and after the workshop using a self-administered clinical decision-making skills assessment tool to evaluate effectiveness of the workshop. Paired and unpaired

-tests were used togs of this study.

Chronic anal fissure is a common condition which is classically treated by surgery which may lead to incontinence. Recently medical treatment in form of calcium channel blockers (CCB) has gained interest.

The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of local Nifedipine and Diltiazem with lignocaine as control. We also aimed to observe the clinical pattern of chronic anal fissure.

Patients of chronic anal fissure were divided into three groups. First group received topical Nifedipine, second received topical Diltiazem, and the control group received only local lignocaine for 1 month. Their clinical data was recorded. The intensity of pain and bleeding was assessed from a visual analogue score (VAS). On the 4

week patients were examined for healing.

Statistical analysis was done by Medcalc statistical software v14. Student's

-test and Chi-square test was used accordingly.

Mean age was 35.89 with a male female ratio of 1.71. Most common clinical feature was pain (100%), followed by constipation, bleeding, and pruritus. Most common location was posterior. VAS scores for pain of the Nifedipine group and Diltiazem group was significantly better than control group (

< 0.0001). VAS scores for bleeding in the Nifedipine group (

= 0.0091) and Diltiazem group (

= 0.0045) was significantly better than control group. The healing rate for NFD group was 93.33% (

< 0.0001), that of DTZ group was 86.67% (

= 0.0002), which was statistically better than control group (36.67%). There was no significant difference between the two CCBs.

Adding topical Nifedipine or Diltiazem in the treatment of anal fissure is far superior to treatment with only topical Lignocaine.

Adding topical Nifedipine or Diltiazem in the treatment of anal fissure is far superior to treatment with only topical Lignocaine.

HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination together have long been recognized as one of the main obstacles in the prevention, care, and treatment of HIV and AIDS. Yet, little has been done on a large scale to combat them. Stigma still precludes many in need of treatment and care for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). The purpose of this study was to assess the social stigma among PLHIV and the factors influencing it.

This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among four hundred PLHIV attending the antiretroviral therapy (ART) center of a tertiary care institute of Haryana, India, using a semi-structured questionnaire and Berger Stigma Scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0 software to explore the relationship between a dependent (social stigma score) and other independent variables.

The overall mean stigma score in our study was found to be 110.96 ± 17.05. The stigma score in the male PLHIV was higher than in females. Male gender, younger age group (18-25 years), nuclear family, and rural residents PLHIV experienced more stigma as showed by the logistic regression analysis.

Stigma and discrimination are a continuous deterrent for program implementation or successful outcomes. Education, behavior change strategies, and building supportive environments to the targeted population (young, single, and rural residents) can provide a roadmap in ending stigma and discrimination.

Stigma and discrimination are a continuous deterrent for program implementation or successful outcomes. Education, behavior change strategies, and building supportive environments to the targeted population (young, single, and rural residents) can provide a roadmap in ending stigma and discrimination.