Beckkay3741

BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mental disorder characterized by mood fluctuations between an acute episodic state of either mania or depression and a clinically remitted state. Dysfunction of large-scale intrinsic brain networks has been demonstrated in this disorder, but it remains unknown whether those network alterations are related to different states. METHODS In the present study, we performed a meta-analysis of whole-brain seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) studies in BD patients to compare the intrinsic function of brain networks between episodic and remitted states. Thirty-nine seed-based voxel-wise rsFC datasets from thirty publications (1047 BD patients vs 1081 controls) were included in the meta-analysis. Seeds were categorized into networks by their locations within a priori functional networks. Seed-based d mapping analysis of between-state effects identified brain systems in which different states were associated with increased connectivity or decreased connectivity won. FUNDING This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81171488, 81671669 and 81820108018) and by a Sichuan Provincial Youth Grant (2017JQ0001). BACKGROUND Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are precursor lesions of pancreatic cancer, which is characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Yet, the spatial distribution of the immune infiltrate and how it changes during IPMN progression is just beginning to be understood. METHODS We obtained tissue samples from patients who underwent pancreatic surgery for IPMN, and performed comprehensive immunohistochemical analyses to investigate the clinical significance, composition and spatial organization of the immune microenvironment during progression of IPMNs. Survival analysis of pancreatic cancer patients was stratified by tumour infiltrating immune cell subtypes. FINDINGS The immune microenvironment evolves from a diverse T cell mixture, comprising CD8+ T cells, Th/c1 and Th/c2 as major players combined with Th9, Th/c17, Th22, and Treg cells in low-grade IPMN, to a Treg dominated immunosuppressive state in invasive pancreatic cancer. Organized lymphoid clusters formed in IPMN surrounding stroma and accumulated immunosuppressive cell types during tumour progression. Survival of pancreatic cancer patients correlated with Th2 signatures in the tumour microenvironment. INTERPRETATION The major change with regards to T cell composition during IPMN progression occurs at the step of tissue invasion, indicating that malignant transformation only occurs when tumour immune surveillance is overcome. This suggests that novel immunotherapies that would boost spontaneous antitumor immunity at premalignant states could prevent pancreatic cancer development. FUNDING The present work was supported by German Cancer Aid grants (70,112,720 and 70,113,167) to S. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pci-32765.html R., and the Olympia Morata Programme of the Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University to S. R. BACKGROUND Disparities in decision-making are a recognized concern within child protection systems and imply that marginalized groups are being treated unequally compared to majoritized groups. Previous studies reported that both ethnicity and the gender of the parent that maltreated the child seem associated with an increased likelihood that child protection agencies provide services after an investigation or that children are placed out of their homes. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether migration background and the gender of the parent who maltreated the child seem associated with the decision whether a case was opened for continuing services. In addition, we inspected whether the intersections between migration background and parent gender were correlated with disparities in decision-making. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Our multinational sample consisted of 1189 cases that were involved with child protection agencies in England, the Netherlands, and Germany. METHODS We systematically coded and analyzed child protection case files. link2 We conducted logistic regression analysis to investigate for disparities in decision-making. RESULTS The intersectional analysis showed that maltreatment committed by mothers (OR = 2.25, p =  .001) and migrant fathers (OR = 2.21, p =  .030) was associated with an increased likelihood to provide ongoing services. However, country specific analyses showed that these effects were most pertinent in the English sample. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a need to address migration background and gender disparities in child protection practice. Future research could investigate whether other contextual factors (e.g. characteristics of the professional and agency) seem associated with disparities in decision-making. BACKGROUND Child sexual abuse (CSA) can impact survivor's sexuality, notably regarding sexual self-concept, a key component of sexual well-being. Yet, sexual self-concept has been understudied among CSA survivors and gender differences have been sparsely investigated. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to identify CSA survivors' distinct profiles according to their sexual self-concept, and compare these profiles based on factors such as CSA characteristics, gender, current age, sexual functioning and adult sexual assault (ASA). PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A total of 176 CSA survivors (60 % women, 40 % men), recruited through community organizations for CSA victims and social media publications, completed an online survey. METHODS Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using the Sexuality Scale (Snell & Papini, 1989). Chi-square and ANOVA tests were used to compare the groups on external variables. RESULTS Cluster analysis revealed the best overall fit for a three-group model. The Confident and non-preoccupied profile (48 %) is characterized by a moderate score on sexual esteem and the lowest scores of sexual preoccupation and depression. The Demeaning and depressive (37 %) profile is characterized by the lowest scores on sexual esteem and the highest scores on sexual depression. The Hyperconfident and preoccupied profile (15 %) shows the highest scores on sexual esteem and sexual preoccupation. CONCLUSION Sexual self-concept is an important component of sexuality that needs to be addressed by practitioners working with CSA survivors. Given heterogeneity and gender differences among survivors, identification of profiles is relevant for adapting interventions and clinical care. Separated ventral and dorsal streams in auditory system have been proposed to process sound identification and localization respectively. Despite the popularity of the dual-pathway model, it remains controversial how much independence two neural pathways enjoy and whether visual experiences can influence the distinct cortical organizational scheme. In this study, representational similarity analysis (RSA) was used to explore the functional roles of distinct cortical regions that lay within either the ventral or dorsal auditory streams of sighted and early blind (EB) participants. We found functionally segregated auditory networks in both sighted and EB groups where anterior superior temporal gyrus (aSTG) and inferior frontal junction (IFJ) were more related to the sound identification, while posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) and inferior parietal lobe (IPL) preferred the sound localization. The findings indicated visual experiences may not have an influence on this functional dissociation and the cortex of the human brain may be organized as task-specific and modality-independent strategies. Meanwhile, partial overlap of spatial and non-spatial auditory information processing was observed, illustrating the existence of interaction between the two auditory streams. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of visual experiences on the neural bases of auditory perception and observed the cortical reorganization in EB participants in whom middle occipital gyrus was recruited to process auditory information. Our findings examined the distinct cortical networks that abstractly encoded sound identification and localization, and confirmed the existence of interaction from the multivariate perspective. Furthermore, the results suggested visual experience might not impact the functional specialization of auditory regions. OBJECTIVE To determine the predictors of unfavorable outcomes in acute minor ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion. METHODS The derivation cohort included ischemic stroke patients admitted to a comprehensive stroke center within 7 days after onset with large vessel occlusion and an initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 5 or less. link3 An unfavorable outcome was defined as dependency (modified Rankin Scale score of 3 to 6) at 3 months from the onset. The predictive values of factors related to an unfavorable outcome were evaluated. External validation was performed from a stroke registry of a tertiary medical center. RESULTS In the derivation cohort, 3839 consecutive patients were screened; a total of 130 patients were included. Twenty-four (18%) patients had unfavorable outcomes. In multivariate analysis, D-dimer ≥1900 μg/l (odds ratio (OR) 3.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-9.61, p = .028) and age (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.05-3.86, p = .035) were independently associated with an unfavorable outcome. No significant differences were observed regarding occluded vessel sites. In the validation cohort, 850 consecutive patients were screened; a total of 74 patients were included. D-dimer ≥1900 μg/l (OR 8.78, 95% CI 1.41-54.61, p = .020) was the only factor independently associated with an unfavorable outcome, as in the derivation cohort. CONCLUSIONS A high D-dimer level on admission could help predict unfavorable outcomes in patients with a minor ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion. V.Thieno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives DATPa-c have been synthesized based on Thorpe-Ziegler Cyclization. The reaction of arylidene malononitrile derivatives (Ia-c) with thiocyanoacetamide (II) in basic medium (piperidine) followed by alkylation using ethyl chloroacetate and finally, cyclization in sodium ethoxide yielded DATPa-c. Thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-chitosan nanocomposites CS-DATPa-c were prepared from the DATPa-c and CS nanoparticles using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). CS-DATPa-c nanocomposites were characterized using FTIR, TEM and XRD techniques and showed a relatively narrow size distribution of monodispersed nanoparticles with the average size of 14-78 nm. The in vitro release studies of CS-DAΤPa-c nanocomposites were investigated and showed that the drug release rate is pH-dependent and the trend is as follows basic > neutral > acidic. The faster release rate in basic medium effectively prolongs drug delivery in gastric pH. Additionally, the antibacterial investigation showed that DATPa-c and CS-DATPa-c nanocomposites exhibited antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but CS-DATPa-c nanocomposites showed much higher antibacterial activity compared to the DATPa-c, which in agreement with the particle size measurements as DATPa-c are in the bulky structure whereas, CS-DATPa-c are in the nanostructure. The results may have applications of drug design for colon targeting.