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as found that most of the participants could not answer the storage conditions that are important for the effectiveness of the drug correctly. In addition, the importance level given to the principles of drug administration by the participants was generally found to be high.

Constipation is a common problem in pregnancy. This study aims to elucidate the efficacy of using a bidet before defecation to reduce the severity of constipation and improve the quality of life in pregnancy.

The sample consisted of an experimental group (

= 30) and a control group (

= 30), a total of 60 pregnant women. Berzosertib order Randomization was performed using the pitch-and-toss method from simple probability randomization methods. The research data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Constipation Assessment Scale for Pregnancy, and the Constipation Quality of Life Scale.

There was a statistically significant difference between the pregnant women's mean scores on the Constipation Assessment Scale for Pregnancy due to the intervention of bidet before defecation. Although the members of the intervention group had severe constipation at first, they reported only "some problems" on defecation after the intervention. In addition, statistically significant improvements were observed in the intervention group via all subscales of the Constipation Quality of Life Scale except the satisfaction subscale.

Providing pregnant women with training on constipation and information about how to control constipation using a bidet is very important in terms of reducing the severity of constipation, enabling them to feel better and continue their daily activities, and thus to improve their quality of life.

Providing pregnant women with training on constipation and information about how to control constipation using a bidet is very important in terms of reducing the severity of constipation, enabling them to feel better and continue their daily activities, and thus to improve their quality of life.

The present study evaluates the effects of a classroom-based universal program for stress management among elementary school students.

The participating children (aged 11-12 years) were assigned to either an intervention (

= 172) or a control group (

= 100). The program involved one 45-minute session during school hours. The program taught students about cognitive distortions and trained them using cognitive reconstruction. Cognitive distortions were characterized so that children could easily understand them. Students were asked to complete the Children's Stress Response Test, comprised of five questions about self-efficacy about cognitive reconstruction before and after the program, to assess the program's effects.

The results as observed in the intervention group were as follows (a) stress responses decreased, (b) self-efficacy in the awareness about one's feelings and thinking improved, (c) understanding how thinking affects feelings was prompted, (d) self-efficacy to review one's thinking improved when they felt uncomfortable, and (e) self-efficacy to change one's negative thinking to adaptive thinking improved.

These results suggest that the program was useful for reducing stress responses and improving self-efficacy in cognitive reconstruction among children.

These results suggest that the program was useful for reducing stress responses and improving self-efficacy in cognitive reconstruction among children.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease related to metabolic syndrome, which can progress to liver cirrhosis. Standard medication has not been established. Pemafibrate is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α modulator. We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of pemafibrate in patients with NAFLD.

We retrospectively enrolled 17 patients (ten men, seven women; median age, 63 years; range, 27-81 years). They were all proven to have fatty liver through imaging and had little or no history of drinking (ethanol consumption of < 20 g/day for women and < 30 g/day for men). They were administered pemafibrate from October 2018 to June 2020.

After administration, serum triglyceride (TG) tended to be decreased (300.5 ± 22.5 to 239.5 ± 34.3 mg/dL,

= 0.06). Serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels did not change. ALT was significantly decreased (-47.4%) for six months (57.5 ± 8.8 to 30.3 ± 5.8 U/L,

< 0.01). The values of serum GGT significantly decreased (-48.7%) for sixth months (63.9 ± 10.3 to 32.8 ± 6.6 U/L,

< 0.01). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelet ratio (APRI), a fibrosis marker, also was significantly decreased in the sixth month (0.7 ± 0.1 to 0.4 ± 0.1,

< 0.05). Body mass index (BMI) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) showed no significant change.

Pemafibrate dramatically ameliorated the values of liver function tests and APRI in patients with NAFLD.

Pemafibrate dramatically ameliorated the values of liver function tests and APRI in patients with NAFLD.

Oral mucositis (OM) is a side effect of chemotherapy in head and neck cancer. Severe OM often has a large impact on quality of life. Therefore, the treatment of OM during chemotherapy is very important. It was recently reported that Hangeshashinto (TJ-14), a Japanese traditional medicine (Kampo), is effective for OM caused by fluorinated pyrimidine-based agents used in colon cancer. We investigated the efficacy of TJ-14 for OM.

We enrolled patients with head and neck cancer who were treated with induction chemotherapy between September 2014 and March 2016. In this double-blind trial, patients were randomly assigned to the TJ-14 group or placebo group. Patients were instructed to dissolve 2.5 g of TJ-14 or placebo in 100 ml of drinking water, rinse their mouths with the solution for 30 s and then spit it out. They were not allowed to eat anything for 30 minutes before or after using the mouthwash.

The incidence of ≥ grade 2 OM was 37.5% (three patients) in the TJ-14 group and 50.0% (four patients) in the placebo group, with no significant difference between the two groups. The mean day of onset was 9.7 in the TJ-14 group and 6.7 in the placebo group. The mean duration of ≥ grade 2 OM was 1.3 days in the TJ-14 group and 3.7 days in the placebo group. Thus TJ-14 significantly reduced the duration of ≥ grade 2 OM.

Treatment of OM with TJ-14 was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the duration of ≥ grade 2 OM compared to placebo. Gargling with TJ-14 is a safe and effective method of administering the drug to patients with head and neck cancer.

Treatment of OM with TJ-14 was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the duration of ≥ grade 2 OM compared to placebo. Gargling with TJ-14 is a safe and effective method of administering the drug to patients with head and neck cancer.