Beasleybarber8512

Patients with non-specific interstitial pneumonia and RA-ILD had the most favourable prognosis. ILD was the most common underlying cause of death in both patients with IPF and with other FILD accounting for 87% and 78% of deaths, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We detected a significantly longer survival in AE of patients with non-IPF compared with that of AE-IPFs. The prognosis of patients was affected by the underlying lung disease since pulmonary fibrosis was the underlying cause of death in the majority of all patients with FILD having experienced an AE. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the association of circulating retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels with β-cell function across the spectrum of glucose tolerance from normal to overt type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 291 subjects aged 35-60 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), newly diagnosed impaired fasting glucose or glucose tolerance (IFG/IGT), and type 2 diabetes were screened by a standard 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with the use of traditional measures to evaluate β-cell function. From these participants, 74 subjects were recruited for an oral minimal model test, and β-cell function was assessed with model-derived indices. Circulating RBP4 levels were measured by a commercially available ELISA kit. RESULTS Circulating RBP4 levels were significantly and inversely correlated with β-cell function indicated by the Stumvoll first-phase and second-phase insulin secretion indexes, but not with HOMA-β, calculated from the 2-h OGTT in 291 subjects across the spectrum of glycemia. The inverse association was also observed in subjects involved in the oral minimal model test with β-cell function assessed by both direct measures and model-derived measures, after adjustment for potential confounders. Moreover, RBP4 emerged as an independent factor of the disposition index-total insulin secretion. CONCLUSIONS Circulating RBP4 levels are inversely and independently correlated with β-cell function across the spectrum of glycemia, providing another possible explanation of the linkage between RBP4 and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. © 2020 by the American Diabetes Association.INTRODUCTION Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) take a multitude of therapies at home. Self-Administration of Medicines (SAM) is a scheme whereby the parent/carer and/or older child keep control of their own medicines in hospital. We initiated a scheme and assessed drug errors, cost implications, and parent and nurse satisfaction. METHODS Following a pilot stage, the SAM protocol was initiated and amended as necessary. Drug errors were analysed from the Datix hospital electronic reporting system. Cost analysis of use of the patents own drugs was carried out. Questionnaires were given to parents and nursing staff. RESULTS In the initial 10 months, 97 children had 159 admissions, and 60% were deemed suitable for SAM. Drug errors still occurred-33 in 5 years. Cost savings for the hospital over 1 year were £20 022 for 123 admissions. Patient/parent satisfaction was high, and all wished to partake in SAM for further admissions. CONCLUSIONS The scheme was a success although it took 3 years to bring to fruition. Drug errors still occurred but we were able to amend the protocol appropriately to react to these. Cost savings are an incidental benefit from use of patient's own medication. The SAM scheme is applicable to all children with chronic disease on long term medications when they are in hospital. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. No commercial re-use. SGI-1027 cell line See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.BACKGROUND On the 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that COVID-19 was a pandemic. To date, there are no medical treatments for COVID-19 with proven effectiveness. Novel treatments and/or vaccines will take time to be developed and distributed to patients. In light of this, there has been growing interest in the use of existing medications, such as chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), as potential treatments of this disease. AIM To establish the current evidence for the effectiveness of CQ and HCQ in treating COVID-19. DESIGN & SETTING A rapid review of the literature was conducted. METHOD Electronic searches in PubMed and Google Scholar were conducted on 21 March 2020. A further search was conducted in Google for relevant literature on 28 March 2020. RESULTS There is limited evidence of in vitro activity of CQ/HCQ against SARS-CoV-2. A number of in vivo clinical trials are underway. The empirical data available from two of these trials reveal conflicting results. Both trials are characterised by small numbers of participants (n = 30 and n = 36) and suffer methodological limitations. No medium or long-term follow-up data is available. CONCLUSION At present, there is insufficient evidence to determine whether CQ/HCQ are safe and effective treatments for COVID-19. High quality, adequately powered randomised clinical trials in primary and secondary care settings are urgently required to guide policymakers and clinicians. These studies should report medium- and long-term follow-up results, and safety data. Copyright © 2020, The Authors.BACKGROUND Dengue is an arboviral disease caused by dengue virus. Symptomatic dengue infection causes a wide range of clinical manifestations, from mild dengue fever (DF) to potentially fatal disease, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). We conducted a literature review to analyze the risks of DHF and current perspectives for DHF prevention and control. METHODS According to the PRISMA guidelines, the references were selected from PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar database using search strings containing a combination of terms that included dengue hemorrhagic fever, pathogenesis, prevention and control. Quality of references were evaluated by independent reviewers. RESULTS DHF was first reported in the Philippines in 1953 and further transmitted to the countries in the region of South-East Asia and Western Pacific. Plasma leakages is the main pathophysiological hallmark that distinguishes DHF from DF. Severe plasma leakage can result in hypovolemic shock. Various factors are thought to impact disease presentation and severity. Virus virulence, preexisting dengue antibodies, immune dysregulation, lipid change and host genetic susceptibility are factors reported to be correlated with the development of DHF. However, the exact reasons and mechanisms that triggers DHF remains controversial. Currently, no specific drugs and licensed vaccines are available to treat dengue disease in any of its clinical presentations. CONCLUSION This study concludes that antibody-dependent enhancement, cytokine dysregulation and variation of lipid profiles are correlated with DHF occurrence. Prompt diagnosis, appropriate treatment, active and continuous surveillance of cases and vectors are the essential determinants for dengue prevention and control. V.COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus with an outbreak of unusual viral pneumonia in Wuhan, China, and then pandemic. Based on its phylogenetic relationships and genomic structures the COVID-19 belongs to genera Betacoronavirus. Human Betacoronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV) have many similarities, but also have differences in their genomic and phenotypic structure that can influence their pathogenesis. COVID-19 is containing single-stranded (positive-sense) RNA associated with a nucleoprotein within a capsid comprised of matrix protein. A typical CoV contains at least six ORFs in its genome. All the structural and accessory proteins are translated from the sgRNAs of CoVs. Four main structural proteins are encoded by ORFs 10, 11 on the one-third of the genome near the 3'-terminus. The genetic and phenotypic structure of COVID-19 in pathogenesis is important. This article highlights the most important of these features compared to other Betacoronaviruses. V.INTRODUCTION Total hip arthroplasty (THA) performed as day-surgery is an emerging and growing practice. The main aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility and safety of primary THA in an outpatient setting. The study hypothesis was that, within a specifically dedicated structure, such surgery is feasible and safe. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective observational study was performed in two centers, one private hospital and one university hospital, including all patients operated on by two senior surgeons between 2014 and 2017 for primary THA and eligible for day-surgery. The clinical pathway was governed by a pre-established protocol. Preoperatively, all patients took part in an information workshop, with their spouses and the surgeon. Postoperative phone interviews were held on D1 and D3, then out-patient consultations were conducted at 1 and 6 weeks. The main study endpoint was successful outpatient management, failure being defined as crossover or readmission within 1 week of discharge. Seconda IV; non-comparative prospective study. BACKGROUND Restoration of the constitutional joint anatomy after hip replacement favours physiological peri-articular soft-tissue tension and kinematics, and is likely to be functionally beneficial. Hip resurfacing (HR) and conventional total hip replacement (THR) are two different options for replacing degenerated hips, and are likely to result in different anatomical reconstruction. We initiated this study to investigate the differences in gait performance between these two prosthetic options, and aimed to answer the following questions (1) does HR result in better restoration of the frontal hip anatomical parameters, (2) and generate a more physiological gait compared to THR? (3) Does the quality of the anatomical restoration after THR influence gait performance? HYPOTHESES Our hypothesis was that a better anatomical restoration using HR versus THR would produce more physiological (symmetric) gait. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 52 patients who had unilateral primary osteoarthritis successfully treateffset. Under normal conditions (normal walking speed and flat ramp), the gait was fairly symmetric for both the HR and the THR patients with a symmetry index of 0.62% and 3.14% respectively. At high walking speed (stress conditions), the symmetry index degraded for both groups, but the gait remained more symmetric in the HR group (2.09%), compared to the THR group (5.74%); nevertheless, the difference remained not statistically significant (p=0.159). We were unable to detect any significant relationship between gait performances and radiographically measured hip frontal anatomical parameters. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS HR procedure is more consistent than conventional THR in generating a more physiological gait under stress conditions. Radiographic estimation of the quality of the frontal anatomical hip restoration is of poor value to predict gait performances of THR patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III - retrospective case-control study with prospective data collection. The Self-Administered Comorbidity Questionnaire (SCQ) is a tool used by hospitalized patients to self-report their comorbidities. It can help to explain the effectiveness of hip or knee arthroplasty, its complications, the length of hospital stay and perioperative resource utilization. HYPOTHESIS The French-Canadian version of the SCQ will be suitable for use in a Canadian hospital population. OBJECTIVES (1) translate and evaluate the transcultural validity of the SCQ in a French Canadian population undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty; (2) determine the standard error of measurement (SEM) in the French Canadian version. MATERIALS AND METHODS The translation and transcultural adaptation process consisted of four steps (1) initial translation; (2) back translation; (3) assessment of questionnaire clarity with patients; (4) assessment of the translation's transcultural validity. The SEM was also calculated. RESULTS Twenty participants were recruited for step 3 and 83 participants for step 4. The original English version of the SCQ and the translated French-Canadian version (SCQ-FC) were similar with intra-class correlation coefficients for the intra-language and inter-language agreement between 0.