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Historically, surgical techniques were governed by specific incisions and surgical designs. With the advent of anesthesia, the complicated cases were managed but at the cost of the tissues leading to morbidities of various degrees. The innovations and the advances in the surgical techniques led to the ideology that surgeries could be done with minimal tissue manipulation and sacrifice. Thus the concept of "minimally invasive dentistry" was introduced with the primary goal to achieve satisfactory therapeutic results with minimal trauma during the process. In context to the management of periodontitis, this modality includes use of conservative incisions which preserves as much soft tissue as possible, avoiding continuous incisions and vertical incisions, use of magnification etc. The ultimate goal of any treatment modality is the resolution of the disease and regeneration if possible with minimal postoperative pain and morbidity. Minimal invasive periodontal therapy involves treatment options which cure the disease with reduced postoperative pain, improved healing and better patient acceptance. This paper covers the advent of minimal invasive periodontal therapy modalities both surgical and non-surgical along with the literature review.Osteogenic differentiation of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on scaffold is crucial for bone tissue engineering. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay is an important method of assessing osteogenesis. Here, a very simple and innovative procedure is being described for quantification of osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in presence of scaffold using ALP assay. Different concentrations of the scaffold particles with the same number of MSCs were assayed for alkaline phosphatase activity using p-NPP as substrate for ALP activity. G-bone scaffold was used in concentrations of 5, 20, 60 and 100 mg/ml and same number of MSCs were seeded. Any scaffold which can be grind and weighed may be used. It was found that100 mg/ml G-bone graft was most useful for promoting osteogenesis and addition of growth factors further promoted. So, we were able to ascertain the concentration of scaffold which promotes osteogenesis the most.Over the past several years, numerous studies have emerged documenting the high incidence (1-11%) of comorbidity of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in Down syndrome (DS). While children with these health issues are reported to be more cognitively impaired presenting significantly lower IQ scores, they also demonstrate differences in social and expressive language skills when compared to their coequals with DS only. More than that subjects with DS and ASD comorbidity exhibit atypical behaviour manifested by stereotypic anxiety and social withdrawal when compared to DS alone. This article provides a brief understanding of this challenging concurrence along with a case report of a 12-year-old male patient with ASD-DS condition reporting with multiple missing teeth (Oligodontia).Aim To observe clinically and radiographically (CBCT), the extent of bone resorption in extraction socket without the use of bone graft substitutes and delayed implant placement. Material and methods 50 compliant patients were selected for study. All the patients who were advised extraction were followed up for entire duration of the treatment, at 5th week CBCT showed horizontal and vertical bone loss. To prevent further bone resorption, after 5 weeks implant was placed along with bone graft. Results Bone resorption after extraction is an unavoidable phenomenon. Clinical and radiographic (CBCT) analysis showed massive bone resorption by 5th week. At 5 month CBCT, all patients showed stable implant integration. There was no implant failure at the end of the study. Conclusion Alveolar preservation is proven to slow down socket wall collapse with the use of a bone substitute material without which larger procedures maybe needed to restore alveolar integrity and harmony. Immediate implant placement is effective when bone graft is placed in the jumping distance.Tooth loss may pose a challenge for prosthetics when several missing teeth are associated with huge vertical and horizontal bone defects due to cleft palate, road traffic accidents, congenital defects etc. This case report presents prosthetic rehabilitation of a 22 year old male patient of cleft lip and palate with missing upper front teeth along with severe ridge defect since 1 year due to surgical intervention in premaxillary region. The extensive soft and hard tissue defect in aesthetic region was evident and it made the prosthetic rehabilitation more challenging. Among treatment options, fixed partial denture (FPD) was not feasible due to long edentulous span and extensive soft and hard tissue loss. Psychologically, patient was not ready for removable prosthesis. Patient was also not ready for next implant or bone augmentation surgery procedure. The patient presented with Kennedy class IV edentulous area with Seibert's class III ridge defect, so fixed-removable prosthesis was planned to compensate soft and hard tissue defect. The patient with several missing teeth and extensive visible bony defect in the anterior region was successfully rehabilitated using fixed-removable Andrew's bridge system. Although it is not commonly used by dentist so this present case report shows effective management of huge defect case by very simple and conservative technique.Purpose Pathological metastatic fractures in lower-extremity weight bearing bones often require surgical reconstruction. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sovleplenib-hmpl-523.html Post-operative radiation is routinely recommended following surgical reconstruction. This study evaluated the clinical outcomes of patients that undergo surgical fixation of an established or an impending pathologic lower extremity fracture without post-operative radiation. Materials and methods A retrospective chart review of patients at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center between 2007 and 2019 was performed. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed. Results A total of 161 surgical reconstruction procedures were identified. Among these cases, 86/161 (53.4%) received post-operative radiation, 75/161 (47%) did not receive post-operative radiation within 12 weeks of their index surgery. Of the 75 patients not receiving post-operative radiation, 40 patients had prior radiation to the surgical site and 35 patients were radiation naïve. 5 patients (6.7%) required a second operation to the index surgical site, with 4 patients (5.