Baunpetty6673

spp. are intracellular pathogens, therefore cell-mediated immunity is the main response to inhibit survival and growth of the bacteria in vertebrate host.

Many eukaryotic plasmid vectors are being used in setting up DNA vaccines which may show different efficiencies in same conditions. This is important in designing the vaccines and immunization strategies. We looked into the probable differences of immune responses induced by different eukaryotic DNA plasmid vectors (pcDNA3.1 and pVAX1) harboring the same Omp31 gene of

.

Female BALB/c mice were immunized with pcDNA

and pVAX

and further boosted with recombinant Omp31. Subclasses of specific serum IgG against the rOmp31 were measured by ELISA. 2-Methoxyestradiol mw Cytokines responses to rOmp31 in Splenocyte cultures of the immunized mice were evaluated by measuring the production of IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ. Protective responses of the immunized mice were evaluated by intraperitoneal challenge with pathogenic

16M and

PA76250.

Both DNA vaccine candidates conferred potent Th1-type responses with higher levels of cytokines and immunoglobulins observed in mice immunized with pVAX-

. Although pcDNA-

and pVAX-

both elicited protective immunity, mice immunized with the latter showed a higher protection against both

and

PA76250.

The results of this study highlight the significant differences between efficiency of diverse plasmid backbones in DNA vaccines which code for an identical antigen. Comparing various plasmid vectors should be considered as an essential part of the studies aiming construction of DNA vaccines for intracellular pathogens.

The results of this study highlight the significant differences between efficiency of diverse plasmid backbones in DNA vaccines which code for an identical antigen. Comparing various plasmid vectors should be considered as an essential part of the studies aiming construction of DNA vaccines for intracellular pathogens.

Acetate accumulation in the culture medium is known as an inhibitor in recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli. Various approaches have been proposed and evaluated to overcome this challenge and reduce the concentration of acetate. In this study, we examined the effect of acetate kinase A antisense on acetate production rate in

We also used PAMAM dendrimers as a suitable delivery agent for antisense transformation into

host cell.

This study aimed to decrease acetate production as a by-product using an antisense-dendrimer complex to increase mass cell and subsequently recombinant Albumin production in

.

Here, to study the effect of this treatment on recombinant protein production, we used pET22b/HAS construct. The ackA gene expression was inhibited by designed antisense to reduce acetate concentration in culture medium. AckA antisense was transferred to

by PAMAM dendrimer. Finally, ackA expression and recombinant Albumin production were evaluated Real-Time PCR and densitometry, respe a proper delivery agent for oligonucleotide antisense transformation into bacterial cells.

ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are one of the most popular metal oxide nanoparticles, which exhibit significant antibacterial properties against various pathogens. Among nanoparticle synthesis methods, the green synthesis using plant extract is considered as an eco-friendly and cost-effective method for ZnO-NPs production, compared to the chemical procedures.

This study aimed to evaluate the green synthesis of ZnO-NPs loaded on silica gel matrix (ZnO/SG nanocomposite) by using methanol leaf extract of

as a new extract and a cost-effective method. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of the synthesized structure is evaluated against some pathogenic bacteria and the results are compared with unsupported ZnO-NPs.

For ZnO/SG nanocomposite synthesis, a solution of Zn (NO

)

was stirred with silica gel. Then the

extract was added and stirred continuously until white precipitate was formed. The precipitate was heated at 200 ˚C for calcination, and ZnO/SG nanocomposite was obtained. The phytochemical coed that the surface area of ZnO/SG nanocomposite was increased. Furthermore, the structure showed more powerful antibacterial activity against pathogens than unsupported ZnO-NPs.

Green synthesis of ZnO-NPs supported on the silica gel matrix with the leaf extract of

is a benign and effective procedure for ZnO/SG nanocomposite synthesis. Embedding ZnO-NPs in silica gel matrix prevents the agglomeration of nanoparticles and prepare homodispersed nanoparticles. link2 This structure revealed great antibacterial activity against many pathogens.

Green synthesis of ZnO-NPs supported on the silica gel matrix with the leaf extract of Daphne oleoides is a benign and effective procedure for ZnO/SG nanocomposite synthesis. Embedding ZnO-NPs in silica gel matrix prevents the agglomeration of nanoparticles and prepare homodispersed nanoparticles. This structure revealed great antibacterial activity against many pathogens.

Salinity is one of the most important environmental stresses which reduces the nutrient uptake, growth and yield of crops including sunflower.

The aim of this study was evaluating the expression pattern of telomerase gene, TERT, in sunflower plants under salinity stress.

Sunflower plants of both sensitive and resistant lines were grown in greenhouse and treated with different levels of NaCl (2, 5 and 8 dSm

). The expression pattern of TERT gene was evaluated at 8

leaf stage 6, 12 and 24 hours post salt treatment using real time-PCR, since the effects of salt stress are eventually manifested in the leaves.

In both lines, salt-subjected plants showed reduced size and dried leaves, due to breakthrough of the growth. Compared to the control group, treated groups tended to indicate downregulated pattern of TERT gene expression.

This study offers TERT as a new gene affected by salt stress when growth is arrested.

This study offers TERT as a new gene affected by salt stress when growth is arrested.

The details of molecular mechanisms underlying the differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) into specific lineages are not well understood.

We aimed to construct the interactome network and topology analysis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell of CAGE data. Applying the enrichment results, we wanted to introduce the common genes and hub-microRNA and hub-genes of these giant network.

In this study, we constructed gene regulatory networks for each non-mesenchymal cell lineage according to their gene expression profiles obtained from FANTOM5 database. The putative interactions of TF-gene and protein-protein were determined using TRED, STRING, HPRD and GeneMANIA servers. In parallel, a regulatory network including corresponding miRNAs and total differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was constructed for each cell lineage.

The results indicated that analysis of networks' topology can significantly distinguish the hub regulatory genes and miRNAs involved in the differentiation of MSCs. The functional annotation of identified hub genes and miRNAs revealed that several signal transduction pathways i.e. link3 AKT, WNT and TGFβ and cell proliferation related pathways play a pivotal role in the regulation of MSCs differentiation. We also classified cell lineages into two groups based on their predicted miRNA profiles.

In conclusion, we found a number of hub genes and miRNAs which seem to have key regulatory functions during differentiation of MSCs. Our results also introduce a number of new regulatory genes and miRNAs which can be considered as the new candidates for genetic manipulation of MSCs in vitro.

In conclusion, we found a number of hub genes and miRNAs which seem to have key regulatory functions during differentiation of MSCs. Our results also introduce a number of new regulatory genes and miRNAs which can be considered as the new candidates for genetic manipulation of MSCs in vitro.

The immune system function depends on the coordination activity of the components of system and communications between them which leads to the formation of a complex communication network between immune cells. In this network, cytokines have an important role in the communication between immune cells through the interaction to their specific receptors. These molecules cause to cellular communications and normal function of a tissue. Reconstruction of such a complex network can be a way to provide a better understanding of cytokines' function.

Our main goal from reconstructing such a network was investigation of expressed cytokines and cytokines receptors in various lineage and tissues of immune cells and identifying the lineage and tissue with the highest expression of cytokines and their receptors.

In this study, gene expression data related to part of the Immunological Genome Project (ImmGen) and receptor-ligand interactions dataset were used to reconstruct the immune network in mouse. In next step, tn-hematopoietic stromal and macrophage cells. The relationships between stromal cells and macrophages are necessary to create an appropriate environment for differentiation of immune cells. Studying the cellular expression specificity of receptor and ligand genes reveal the high degree of specificity of these genes that indicate non-random transfer of information between cells in multicellular organisms.

Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress that limits plant growth and yield worldwide.

To better understand the mechanism of salt stress adaptation in maize (

), proteomic analysis of maize responses to salt stress were analyzed in seedling.

Taking maize seedlings untreated and treated with NaCl for 24 h as material, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) were used to analyze the protein expression profile of maize seedlings after salt stress.

The result showed that 270 differentially expression proteins (DEPs) were identified in maize seedlings after salt stress. The majority proteins had functions related to translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis (15%), posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones (14%) and others metabolism. Quantitative real-time PCRanalysis showed that the EF-Tu, peroxiredoxin, FoF1-type ATP synthase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase and nucleoside diphosphate kinase genesficant roles in the adaptation of maize to salt stress.Taken together, these proteins might have important roles in defense mechanisms against salt stress in maize.We hope that this study provides valuable information for the further utilization and study on the molecular mechanisms of defense mechanisms in maize.

Osteoporosis is a bone disease alters the amount and variety of proteins in bone tissue and increases the potential of bone fracture. Antiresorptive therapy is one of the most popular treatment methods for osteoporosis. To reduce side effects and enhance the bioavailability of drug agents, the controlled delivery of drug is commonly utilized.

We investigated the controlled release of Alendronate in different composites of layered double hydroxide (LDH) using poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) as a matrix.

We prepared different microsphere composites of ALD intercalated in various amounts of LDH, using PCL as a matrix. The controlled release of ALD from these composites is subsequently investigated. Samples are characterized and

cell cytotoxicity, attachment, osteogenic activity including alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization are examined using MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells.

The results showed that the release of ALD is more desirable and controlled in the samples having a higher amount of LDH incorporated into the PCL matrix.