Baunhenson0963
α/γ-TCs contents influence carbohydrates, poliamines, phenolic (caffeic, ferrulic, cinnamic) acids accumulation patterns. Salinity results in increased detection of the LM5 galactan and LM19 homogalacturonan epitopes in α-TC accumulating plants, and the LM6 arabinan and MAC207 AGP epitopes in α-TC deficient mutants. Parallel, plants with altered TCs composition show decreased both the cell turgor and elastic modulus determined at the individual cell level. α-TC deficient plants reveal lower values of cell turgor and elastic modulus, but higher cell hydraulic conductivity than α-TC accumulating plants. Under salt stress, α-TC shows stronger regulatory effect than γ-TC through the impact on chloroplastic biosynthetic pathways and ROS/osmotic-modulating compounds.Regulation of osteoclast differentiation and function is a central element in bone homeostasis. While the role of soluble factors, such as cytokines, hormones and growth factors, in controlling osteoclast differentiation has been intensively characterized, the function of surface receptors is less well understood. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec)-9 and its murine homolog Siglec-E are sialic acid-recognizing inhibitory receptors from the CD33-related Siglec-family and mainly expressed on myeloid cells. We found Siglec-9 and Siglec-E to be expressed at all stages of human and murine osteoclastogenesis, respectively. Siglec-E knockout mice displayed lower bone mass despite unchanged osteoclast numbers and an increased bone formation rate. Ex vivo osteoclast assays using Siglec-E knockout cells or a blocking antibody against human Siglec-9 confirmed the suppressive effect of Siglec-9/Siglec-E on osteoclast function. DNA inhibitor Although osteoclast numbers were unchanged or even slightly decreased, the blockade/absence of Siglec-9/Siglec-E resulted in an augmented resorption activity of mature osteoclasts. This increased resorption activity was associated with enlarged actin rings. Together, our results suggest Siglec-9/Siglec-E to inhibit osteoclast activation independently from osteoclast differentiation and thereby propose a new mechanism for the control of local bone resorption.
Teriparatide is sometimes used in the treatment of atypical femoral fracture (AFF). Even if bone union is achieved, orthopedic physicians must consider the risk of relapse. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting AFF recurrence, and to determine the appropriate treatment for osteoporosis after bone union.
One hundred thirty-one consecutive AFFs in 113 Japanese patients were included. Eleven patients had AFF in the unaffected limb (9 patients) after the first AFF or re-fracture at the original fracture site (2 patients) after bone union of the first AFF was confirmed. We divided all patients into two groups the second fracture group (22 AFFs in 11 patients) and non-second fracture group (109 AFFs in 102 patients). We compared clinical information between the 2 groups and investigated the factors affecting AFF recurrence using the Student t-, Welch t-, and chi-square tests.
Although there was no significant difference in clinical characteristics between the 2 groups, multivariate analysis of factors associated with AFF recurrence identified short duration of treatment with teriparatide and active vitamin D
(p=0.0408 and 0.0366, respectively) as risk factors. Even in the analysis excluding subtrochanteric AFF, short periods of teriparatide and active vitamin D
administration were observed as risk factors (p=0.0484 and 0.0346, respectively).
The administration of teriparatide for as long as possible after occurrence first AFF and the use of active vitamin D
after completion of teriparatide therapy may be the most effective strategy to prevent the recurrence of AFF.
The administration of teriparatide for as long as possible after occurrence first AFF and the use of active vitamin D3 after completion of teriparatide therapy may be the most effective strategy to prevent the recurrence of AFF.Glucocorticoid (or steroid) induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is the leading form of secondary osteoporosis, affecting up to 50% of patients receiving chronic glucocorticoid therapy. Bone quantity (bone mass) changes in GIOP patients alone are inadequate to explain the increased fracture risk, and bone material changes (bone quality) at multiple levels have been implicated in the reduced mechanics. Quantitative analysis of specific material-level changes is limited. Here, we combined multiscale experimental techniques (scanning small/wide-angle X-ray scattering/diffraction, backscattered electron imaging, and X-ray radiography) to investigate these changes in a mouse model (Crh-120/+) with chronic endogenous steroid production. Nanoscale degree of orientation, the size distribution of mineral nanocrystals in the bone matrix, the spatial map of mineralization on the femoral cortex, and the microporosity showed significant changes between GIOP and the control, especially in the endosteal cortex. Our work can provide ralization distribution (microscale), and morphology (macroscale) across femoral osteoporotic bone. Our results indicate that the altered bone remodelling in GIOP leads to 1) heterogeneous bone structure and mineralization, 2) reduced degree of orientation of collagen fibrils and mineral nanocrystals, and 3) reduced length and increased thickness of mineral nanocrystals, which contribute to mechanical abnormalities. The combined multiscale experimental approach presented here will be used to understand musculoskeletal degeneration in aging and osteoporosis.
Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) is a useful tool to assess detailed bone characteristics. Its utility in infants is however limited due to lack of reference data and technical challenges. The purpose of this study was to provide data on length- and weight-adjusted pQCT values and to present a quality grading system for healthy children aged 12 and 24months.
As a part of the Vitamin D intervention in Infants (VIDI) trial, we collected pQCT and anthropometric data from 855 children at 12months and from 784 children at 24months. Bone mineral content (BMC; mg/mm), volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD; mg/cm
), cross-sectional area (CSA; mm
), polar-moment of inertia (PMI; mm
), and periosteal circumference (PsC; mm) were assessed for total bone at 20% distal site of the left tibia using pQCT (Stratec XCT2000L). We evaluated the impact of scan quality on bone measures. Total bone parameters were assessed for boys and girls separately. The means of the bone parameters were also compared id pQCT data and scan quality grading system should prove useful in evaluating data reliability in research settings.
NCT1723852.
NCT1723852.
In France, the coexistence of individual screening (IS) and organized screening (OS) for breast cancer induces difficulties for primary care practitioners to position themselves. This study assessed whether the risk of having a mammography with a high risk of malignancy (BI-RADS 4 or 5) was different between patients aged from 50 to 74year performing it as part of an IS or of the OS.
This cross-sectional multicenter study included women aged 50-74, with no personal history of breast cancer, performing mammography in radiology centers in Paris (France). The nature of the screening (OS or IS), breast cancer risk (high risk BI-RADS 4 or 5), risk factors and clinical breast examination (CBE) abnormalities were collected. Patients in the IS and OS group were matched on age, breast density, history of benign lesions and family history of breast cancer using a propensity score. The association between the nature of screening and the risk of malignancy was evaluated by conditional logistic regression.
Among 2190 included patients, 77 % performed a mammography with the IS and had more CBE abnormalities (23 % vs 11 %, p<0,001), a history of benign lesion (15 % vs 11 %, p=0.01) and a family history of breast cancer (42 % vs 29 %, p<0,001). After matching 503 OS patients with 941 IS patients, the risk of malignancy and the nature of the screening were not associated (OR=0.72 [0.35-1.47], p=0.50).
The risk of malignancy was not different whether the mammography was performed as part of the OS or IS.
The risk of malignancy was not different whether the mammography was performed as part of the OS or IS.There are conflicting reports regarding circulating leptin and its relationship between pregnancy outcomes in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association between serum or follicular fluid (FF) leptin concentrations reported for infertile women and their IVF outcome. A systematic search was undertaken in available databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library and Embase) to find studies published up to Aug 2020 and the standardized mean difference with 95 % confidence interval was taken from 14 eligible studies. Both graphical (funnel plots) and test methods (Egger's regression test and the Begg) assessed the presence of publication bias. Subgroup analysis was used to investigate the source of heterogeneity. Pooled effect sizes based on the eligible papers indicated that of there is no statistically significant correlation between leptin levels in follicular fluid and serum on the day of ovum pick-up (OPU) and day of HCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin) administration in pregnant and non-pregnant women who underwent IVF/ICSI cycles. However, combination of leptin in serum and/or FF with other parameters may be a useful marker to predict IVF outcome.Executive control of attention is important for goal-directed behavior, and it is influenced by emotional information. This study examined the effect of stimulus valence on a color word flanker task and how individual differences within a general population may affect task performance. 119 participants completed a color word flanker task with task-irrelevant emotional information (positive, negative, neutral). This task was followed by several self-report scales that measured individual differences in attention control ability (ACS), current mood (PANAS), and emotion regulation ability (DERS). Faster reaction times and greater accuracy were associated with negative stimuli. The flanker effect was greater for negative trials than for neutral and positive trials. The greater flanker effect for negative trials was driven by decreased reaction time on negative congruent trials. A significant interaction was evident between stimulus valence and ACS score, such that reaction time was faster for negative trials than for neutral trials among those with low, average, and high ACS. However, this difference was largest for those with high ACS. Further, these relationships between attention control ability and executive control of attention were influenced by level of depressive symptoms (as measured by BDI-II). This study extends our knowledge about the relationship between executive control of attention to emotional stimuli and individual differences related to mood and attentional disorders in a general population. Study results may have important implications for theoretical models of cognitive control and task-irrelevant emotional information across individual differences.
