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The purpose of the study was to determine interobserver and intraobserver agreement, repeatability, and intrasubject variation of the detection of Demodex infestation in eyelids of blepharitis patients using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM).

Eighty-three eyes of 42 blepharitis patients were included in the study. All eyelids were evaluated from temporal to nasal with IVCM using section mode and 10 lashes with their follicles were imagined, and every image with suspicion of Demodex infestation was recorded. Two experienced and two inexperienced ophthalmologists were masked for the diagnosis and interpreted the IVCM images regarding the presence of Demodex infestation with a 3-week interval. Interobserver and intraobserver agreements were calculated with Cohen's kappa and its variant statistics between and within experienced observers and between inexperienced observers.

While average sensitivity for the diagnosis of demodicosis in IVCM images was 83.35% for experienced and 51.35% for inexperienced obsends of an experienced clinician, IVCM could be reliable for the diagnosis of ocular demodicosis.

The objective of the study was to evaluate visual performance and subjective quality of life after unilateral implantation of a new trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) in young and middle-aged patients.

Patients that underwent unilateral cataract surgery with implantation of trifocal TFNT00 IOL with an emmetropic fellow eye were included in the study. Vision related daily activity performance was evaluated in postoperative 6th month. Patients were divided in two groups according to the uncorrected near visual acuity of their fellow eyes İn Group I if worse than the operated eye and in Group II if equal or better than the operated eye. The visual function-14 (VF-14) questionnaire was used with scores of 4 with no difficulty, 3 points with mild difficulty, 2 points with moderate difficulty, 1 point with severe difficulty, and 0 point if unable to perform.

Twenty-one patients were enrolled in this study. Patients had good visual performance, showing VF-14 scores above 3 in all categories. Reading small print (3.67±0.48) and driving at night (3.67±0.48) were found to be the most difficult tasks to perform. No significant difference was found between two groups in any category that was investigated by the VF-14 questionnaire.

Unilateral implantation of TFNT00 trifocal IOL is well tolerated with good patient satisfaction assessed by VF-14 questionnaire in subjects that have cataract in one eye, encouraging single-eye surgical procedure in this particular group of patients.

Unilateral implantation of TFNT00 trifocal IOL is well tolerated with good patient satisfaction assessed by VF-14 questionnaire in subjects that have cataract in one eye, encouraging single-eye surgical procedure in this particular group of patients.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the sudden visual loss and central 10-degree visual field (VF) change following glaucoma surgery in eyes with severe and end-stage glaucoma.

This was a single-center retrospective study. The charts of patients with severe and end-stage glaucoma who had undergone trabeculectomy and Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation surgery were reviewed. Patients who had 10-2 Humphrey VF automated (HVFA) at follow-up were included and classified into two following groups With split fixation on 10-2 HVFA before surgery split fixation group (SFG) and those without split fixation (WSFG).

The data of 37 patients in SFG and 28 patients in WSFG were reviewed. The mean follow-up duration was 2.06±0.24 years in SFG and 2±0.3 years in WSFG. 10-2 HVFA revealed that SFG had a mean MD -25.8±5.2 dB preoperatively and -25.2±1.1 dB (p=0.18) at last visit, WSFG had a mean MD -9.8±4.8 dB preoperatively and -10.8±1.5 dB at last visit (p=0.10). In SFG, the mean intraocular pressure (IOP) decre central 10° VF.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with ocular involvement either during or after the infection. These include conjunctivitis, conjunctival hyperemia, chemosis, epiphora, reactivation of anterior uveitis, or presenting as anterior sclero-uveitis, cotton wool spots, retinal hemorrhages, retinal artery/vein occlusion, ophthalmic artery occlusion, panuveitis, papillophlebitis, central serous retinopathy, presumed fungal endophthalmitis, and multifocal chorioretinitis. A 47-year-old Asian Indian male was diagnosed with COVID-19 and had no other systemic history of note at the time of admission. Three weeks later, he developed sudden loss of vision in the right eye (OD). Visual acuity in OD was perception of light. OD had features of endophthalmitis. OD underwent pars plana vitrectomy with intravitreal antibiotics. Anterior chamber tap for fungal culture and polymerase chain reaction for panfungal genome was negative. Culture of ocular specimens did not reveal bacterial growth. Vitreous sample showed few Gram-positive cocci in singles and pairs with no evidence of fungal elements. Polymerase chain reaction for eubacterial genome was positive. He was treated with topical and systemic antibiotics and steroids. Final follow-up 6 weeks later, OD had a best-corrected visual acuity which was 20/200 with a quiet anterior chamber, cataract, with a macular traction and reduced sub retinal exudates and fluid. Post-COVID-19 sequelae causing sight-threatening manifestations as illustrated by this case report needs early recognition and prompt treatment to achieve a favorable visual outcome.

The aim of this study is to investigate the theoretical, practical, and academic effects of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on ophthalmology residents.

The web-based survey consisting of 28 questions was sent through Email to 37 educators who provides resident training. We divided the pandemic period into three, according to the severity of the pandemic and the measures, compared with pre-pandemic period (PreP), separately. Tubastatin A Between March 2020 and June 2020 was named as P1, June 2020-October 2020 was named as P2, and October 2020-March 2021 was named as P3.

Responses received from 35 centers (17 university hospitals, 18 training and research state hospitals). There were totally 458 residents in the hospitals. Two hundred and forty-six of them (53.71%) worked on COVID-19 duties, with an average working time of 69.57 days. There were significant decreases in the number of patients examined by resident doctors and theoretical training time in the P1, P2, and P3 periods compared to PreP (p<0.05 for all). Furthermore, in terms of the total number of surgeries in clinics and surgeries performed by residents, there were significant decreases in P1 and P2 compared to PreP (p<0.001 for both), but there was no significant difference in P3 (p=0.109). In the examinations held in the clinic, in the 1st year of the pandemic, the grade average was lower than before the pandemic (p<0.05). Seventeen residents (3.74%) resigned or moved to another hospital.

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the theoretical, practical, and academic training of ophthalmology residents.

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the theoretical, practical, and academic training of ophthalmology residents.

The aim of this study was to identify corneal biomechanical parameters measured by ORA in patients with TED compared to the healthy group. The NOSPECS classification of patients is used to assess the relation between biomechanical changes and disease severity.

We included 22 TED patients, diagnosed with TED for more than five years, and 43 healthy participants. The NOSPECS classification was assessed as mild (grade 1-3) and severe (grade 4-6) disease. For each group, corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), central corneal thickness (CCT), Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure (IOPg) and corneal compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc) parameters were measured by ORA.

The mean age was 38.8±11.6 years for the TED patients and 42.9±15.58 years for the control group. For TED patients and healthy volunteers, the mean levels of CRF, CH, and CCT were measured as follows 10.43±2.04 vs 10.28±1.91mmHg, p=0.67; 10.18±1.81 vs 10.21±1.68 mmHg, p=0.90; 550.31±35.73 vs 545.23±37.91 µm, p=0.47, resd CCT values were significantly higher in females compared to males with TED. The clinical severity score of TED showed negative correlation with CRF. CRF value might be a useful parameter in follow-up of TED patients in clinical practice.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS) and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (XFG) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) G894T polymorphism.

Seventy-eight eyes of 78 patients who had undergone uncomplicated cataract surgeries for senile cataract were included in this study. Forty patients with XFS were included in the study group, and 38 patients without XFS constituted the control group. Patients with XFS were divided into two subgroups according to their XFG development, and subgroup analysis was performed. Venous blood samples were taken from all patients before surgery and 894 G>T (rs1799983) polymorphism on the eNOS gene was evaluated by RT-PCR.

While the mean age in the control group was 65.97±10.64 years (23 males and 15 females), the mean age in the study group was 73.05±6.79 years (30 males and 10 females), (p<0.001). Regression analysis of the risks caused by the genotype and alleles between the control and study groups revealed that the homozygous alleles were more common in the study group, and heterozygous or mutant alleles have reduced the development of XFS approximately 2-folds. However, this was not statistically significant (p=0.11). Similarly, when subgroup analysis was performed, it was found that there was no significant relationship between XFG in patients with XFS and gene polymorphism.

In this study, it was observed that there was no relationship between the G894T polymorphism in the eNOS gene and the development of XFS/XFG.

In this study, it was observed that there was no relationship between the G894T polymorphism in the eNOS gene and the development of XFS/XFG.

The aim of the study was to compare ranibizumab treatment response of macular edema secondary to superior and inferior temporal branch retinal vein occlusion.

Sixty-four eyes of 64 patients treated with 0.5 mg/0.05 mL ranibizumab due to macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion were enrolled in this retrospective study. Thirty-eight eyes with superior temporal branch retinal vein occlusion were classified as Group 1 and 26 eyes with inferior temporal branch retinal vein occlusion as Group 2. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and the number of intravitreal injections were evaluated and compared between the groups.

The mean baseline, 3

, 6

, 9

, and 12

month BCVA values in Group 1 were 0.77±0.47, 0.37±0.20, 0.37±0.22, 0.38±0.24, and 0.35±0.18 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) and in Group 2 were 0.75±0.45, 0.37±0.18, 0.35±0.19, 0.32±0.17, and 0.28±0.20 logMAR, respectively. The mean baseline, 3

, 6

, 9

, and 12

month CMT values in Group 1 were 522.