Bauercampos3349

Academic productivity, as measured by number and impact of publications, is central to the career advancement and promotion of academic surgeons. We compared research productivity metrics among specialties and sought factors associated with increased productivity.

Academic surgeons were identified through departmental webpages and their scholarly metrics were collected through Scopus in a standardized fashion. We collected total number of documents, h-index, and average number of publications per year in the preceding 5 years. We explored whether presence of a training program, graduate degree, academic rank and size of the clinical group affected productivity metrics. Linear regression was used for multivariable analysis.

We collected data on 2172 surgeons from 15 separate academic centres across Canada. Wide variability existed in metrics among specialties, with cardiac and neurosurgery being the most productive, and vascular surgery and plastic surgery being the least productive. The average number o surgical disciplines. Obtaining a research-oriented graduate degree, being part of a larger clinical group, and presence of a training program were all associated with higher productivity, even after adjusting for academic rank and specialty.

To describe the novel observation of spontaneously migrating retinal cells from living donor surgical retinal explants which express progenitor cell markers in the absence of exogenous growth factors.

Surgical retinal explants were harvested from 5 consecutive patients undergoing 23G pars plana vitrectomy for the management of rhegmatogenous detachment. During surgery, equatorial flap tears were trimmed with the vitreous cutter and aspirated. Excised tissue was then regurgitated into a syringe containing balanced salt solution and immediately transferred to tissue culture. Migrating cells subsequently underwent immunohistochemical staining and their characteristics were compared to those of a spontaneously immortalized Müller stem cell line.

Spontaneously migrating cells were observed from samples taken from all five patients from day 2 to 10 following transfer to culture. These cells were found to express embryonic cell markers, including paired box 6 (Pax-6), sex-determining region Y-box 2 (Sox-2), nena may possess the potential for regeneration and that surgical retinal explants could also act as a ready source of retinal progenitor cells.

The specific aims of this scoping review of the literature are to (1) map the current scope of literature regarding nonpharmacological interventions for informal stroke caregivers and (2) explore the degree to which racial/ethnic minority groups were represented in nonpharmacological interventions for stroke caregivers in the United States.

Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework was used to conduct this scoping review. The framework entails formulating research questions, developing criteria for selecting relevant studies, charting the data, and synthesizing results.

The scoping review yielded 11 studies that varied in intervention design, methods of implementation, and outcome measurements. The review indicated that racial and ethnic minorities were less likely to be represented in nonpharmacological intervention studies for stroke caregivers.

Currently, there is sparse research that focuses on interventions with family caregivers of varying racial/ethnic groups in the United States.

Currently, there is sparse research that focuses on interventions with family caregivers of varying racial/ethnic groups in the United States.

To describe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity in pregnant patients and evaluate the association between disease severity and perinatal outcomes.

We conducted an observational cohort study of all pregnant patients with a singleton gestation and a positive test result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) who delivered at 1 of 33 U.S. hospitals in 14 states from March 1 to July 31, 2020. Disease severity was classified by National Institutes of Health criteria. Maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes were abstracted by centrally trained and certified perinatal research staff. We evaluated trends in maternal characteristics and outcomes across COVID-19 severity classes and associations between severity and outcomes by multivariable modeling.

A total of 1,219 patients were included 47% asymptomatic, 27% mild, 14% moderate, 8% severe, 4% critical. Overall, 53% were Hispanic; there was no trend in race-ethnicity distribution by disease severity. Those with more severe illn pregnant patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection without symptoms, those with severe-critical COVID-19, but not those with mild-moderate COVID-19, were at increased risk of perinatal complications.

Compared with pregnant patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection without symptoms, those with severe-critical COVID-19, but not those with mild-moderate COVID-19, were at increased risk of perinatal complications.

The magnitude of muscle damage induced by maximal eccentric exercise is attenuated when the same exercise is repeated by homologous muscle of the ipsilateral or contralateral limb. It is not known if the muscle damage-protective effect is also transferred to nonhomologous muscles. The present study investigated the effects of unilateral knee extensor (KE) or flexor (KF) eccentric exercise on muscle damage induced by elbow flexor (EF) eccentric exercise of the ipsilateral or contralateral side.

Young healthy sedentary men were assigned to four experimental groups (n = 13 per group) that performed five sets of six maximal eccentric contractions (MaxEC) of the KE or KF of the same or opposite side of the arm that performed MaxEC of the EF 1 wk later, and a control group that performed two bouts of MaxEC of the EF using a different arm for each bout separated by 1 wk. Changes in several indirect muscle damage markers were compared among the groups by mixed-design, two-way ANOVA.

Changes in maximal voluntary concentric contraction torque, range of motion, muscle soreness, and plasma creatine kinase activity after KE or KF MaxEC were not different (P > 0.05) between legs, but greater (P < 0.05) after KF than KE MaxEC. The changes in the variables after EF MaxEC in the experimental groups were not different (P > 0.05) from the first bout of the control group but larger (P < 0.05) than the second bout of the control group, and no differences between the ipsilateral and contralateral sides were evident.

These results showed that no protective effect on EF MaxEC was conferred by the leg exercises, suggesting that muscle damage protection was not transferred from KE or KF to EF.

These results showed that no protective effect on EF MaxEC was conferred by the leg exercises, suggesting that muscle damage protection was not transferred from KE or KF to EF.

To evaluate postpartum maternal health and training outcomes of females who were competing or training as elite athletes prior-to or during pregnancy.

Online databases were searched up to August 26, 2020. Studies of any design and language were eligible if they contained information on the relevant population (postpartum athletes [any period of time following pregnancy]), exposure (engaged in the highest level of sport immediately prior to or during pregnancy), comparators (sedentary/active controls) and outcomes maternal (breastfeeding initiation and duration, postpartum weight retention or loss, bone mineral density, low back or pelvic girdle pain, incontinence [prevalence or severity of stress, urge or mixed urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence], injury, anemia, diastasis recti, breast pain, depression, anxiety), and training (<6 weeks' time to resume activity, training volume or intensity, performance level).

11 studies (n = 482 females including 372 elite athletes) were included. buy A-83-01 We identifie is needed to safely guide return to sport of elite athletes in the postpartum period.

The acute effects of a single bout of upper-body exercise on postprandial metabolism in persons with spinal cord injury are currently not well understood. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a single bout of upper-body high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) in comparison with a no-exercise control (REST) condition on postprandial metabolic responses in persons with chronic paraplegia.

Ten participants (eight males, two females; age, 49 ± 10 yr; time since injury, 22 ± 13 yr) with chronic paraplegia took part in a randomized crossover study, consisting of three trials HIIE (8 × 60 s at 70% peak power output [PPEAK]), MICE (25 min at 45% PPEAK), and REST, at least 3 d apart. Exercise was performed in the fasted state, and participants consumed a mixed-macronutrient liquid meal 1-h postexercise. Venous blood and expired gas samples were collected at regular intervals for 6-h postmeal consumption.

There were no significant differenclate postprandial substrate oxidation for this population.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between spatiotemporal variables of running and onset/offset timing of rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) muscle activities in both legs.

Eighteen male well-trained athletes (age = 20.7 ± 1.8 yr) were asked to run 50 m at maximal speed. The spatiotemporal variables (running speed, step frequency, and step length) over the distance from 30 to 50 m were measured. In addition, RF and BF muscle activities were obtained from both legs using wireless EMG sensors. To quantify the onset and offset timing of muscle activity, the band-pass filtered (20-450 Hz) EMG signal was processed using a Teager-Kaiser energy operator filter. We calculated RF and BF onset/offset timings (%) in both legs (e.g., ipsilateral leg RF [iRF] and contralateral leg BF [cBF]) during running cycle. Based on those timings, we obtained the EMG timing variables (%) as follows "Switch1 (iBF-offset to iRF-onset)," "Switch2 (iRF-offset to iBF-onset)," "Scissors1 (cBF-onset tof muscle activities in both legs.

Aging and many gait pathologies are often characterized by deficits in push-off intensity (i.e., propulsive ground reaction forces and peak ankle moment and power output) during walking. Unfortunately, conventional interventions such as progressive resistance training, designed to enhance calf muscle mechanical output, generally fail to translate strength gains to functional improvements in habitual push-off intensity.

Horizontal impeding forces applied to the body's center of mass systematically augment the mechanical output required from muscle-tendon units spanning the ankle during the push-off phase of walking, which could convey long-term benefits via training. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the preliminary efficacy of a 6-wk horizontal impeding force training paradigm on improving habitual push-off intensity in 11 healthy but not physically active older adults (age = 76 ± 4 yr, 6 females and 5 males).

We found that older adults significantly (P < 0.05) increased measures of isometric strength by 18%, maximum walking speed by 10%, and 6-min walk test distance by 9% as a result of horizontal impeding force training. As a more clinically significant contribution of this work, we found that those subjects also increased habitual peak ankle moment and peak ankle power during push off after training by a significant 10% and 15%, respectively (P ≤ 0.036).

We conclude that the use of horizontal impeding forces in older adults improves their maximum muscular and walking capacities while encouraging access to newfound strength gains, thereby improving habitual push-off intensity during walking.

We conclude that the use of horizontal impeding forces in older adults improves their maximum muscular and walking capacities while encouraging access to newfound strength gains, thereby improving habitual push-off intensity during walking.