Bassekaplan4356

Currently, the quality of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) essential oil (LEO) is defined and regulated based on standards and methods established by regulatory authorities. Unfortunately, these existing standards and methods are not sufficient for LEO quality evaluation due to the complexity of LEO and adulteration encouraged by a burgeoning market. This study provides an efficient and reliable method for LEO quality assessment and adulteration detection. After a comprehensive investigation, involving a large set of LEO samples (n = 72) analyzed by multiple techniques (GC/MS, GC/Q-ToF, NMR, and chemometric analysis), a new approach named Q-Index was proposed. Fourteen marker compounds, along with trans-furano-linalool oxide acetate (an indicator of synthetic compound adulteration in LEO), were identified. These marker compounds played significant roles in discriminating the adulterated samples from the authentic LEOs. Calculation of the Q-Index value using the identified marker compounds permitted the detection of fraudulent samples. As demonstrated, all the authentic LEOs exhibited high Q-Index values (>100), whereas the adulterated or poor-quality samples displayed low Q-Index values ( less then 100). The NMR-based chemometric analysis, which served as an independent and complementary approach to the GC/MS and Q-Index methods, was applied in order to assess the validity of the Q-Index method. Overall, the results obtained from different methods were in good agreement. Moreover, compared to the NMR method, the Q-Index approach possessed greater sensitivity in detecting LEO adulteration associated with the addition of synthetic compounds. Results of this study demonstrated that the Q-Index method could be successfully applied for LEO quality assessment and adulteration detection. This approach may have a significant potential to improve quality control for the LEO industry.A novel, fast and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the bioanalysis of the antiviral agent favipiravir (FAV); a promising candidate for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in human plasma using pyrazinamide as an internal standard (IS). Simple protein precipitation was adopted for plasma sample preparation using methanol. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on Eclipse plus C18 column (50 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) using a mobile phase composed of methanol-0.2 % acetic acid (2080, v/v) pumped at a flow rate 0.6 mL/min in an isocratic elution mode. The API4500 triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer was operated with multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) in negative electrospray ionization interface for FAV and positive for IS. The MRM function was used for quantification, with the transitions set at m/z 156.00→ 113.00 and m/z 124.80→ 81.00 for FAV and IS. The method was optimized and fully validated in accordance to US-FDA guidelines. selleck chemicals llc Linearity was acquired over a concentration range of 100.0-20000.0 ng/mL by computing using weighted linear regression strategy (1/x2). The proposed method was effectively applied for the pharmacokinetic evaluation of FAV and to demonstrate the bioequivalence of a new FAV formulation (test) and reference product in healthy Egyptian human volunteers.Zopiclone, a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic, is the first-line treatment for insomnia. The quality and stability of zopiclone tablets directly affects its efficacy and safety. However, the impurity investigation in zopiclone tablets remain incomplete. In this study, the accelerated and long-term stabilities of zopiclone tablets, as well as the stability characteristics under thermal and photolytic conditions were evaluated according to the ICH guidelines. In addition, a sensitive and specific LC-QTOF-MS method was developed for the separation and identification of all the impurities in zopiclone tablets and its stability test samples. Nine impurities were found in the test samples, five among them have not been reported before. Based on the accurate mass and elemental compositions of the parent and product ions obtained, the structures of all the detected impurities were identified. Combined with the formulation composition analysis and stability studies, the origins and the formation mechanisms of these impurities were elucidated. The obtained results are useful for the establishment of the optimum formulation, storage condition, manufacturing processes and quality control of zopiclone tablets.Using green and high efficient solvents to extract and trace active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the complex biological samples was still challenging. In this paper, a co-friendly, fast pretreatment method with high extraction efficiency, based on the tailor-made deep eutectic solvent (DES) system, combined with ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the determination of icarrin and icarisid II in rat plasma samples, which can be further applied to comparative pharmacokinetic studies after oral administration of Herba Epimedii and icarrin monomer in rats, respectively. PrE (l-proline ethylene glycol = 14 mol/mol) and acetonitrile were optimized and combined as the tailor-made DES at the volumetric ratio of 37 to extract icarrin and icarisid II, and to precipitate the protein in rat plasma in one step simultaneously. The extraction efficiency of the tailor-made DES was about 1.7 times of DES (PrE). The extraction recovery of icarrin and icarisid II in rat plasma samples by this method were within the range of 90-110 %, and the lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) were 0.32 ng mL-1 (icarrin) and 0.43 ng mL-1 (icarisid II). There was a linear relationship between 0.32-80.16 ng mL-1 (icarrin) and 0.43-107.4 ng mL-1 (icarisid II), which effectively reduced the detection limit. In this comparative pharmacokinetic study, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and the area under plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) of two analytes in rat plasma of Herba Epimedii group were both much higher than those in the icarrin monomer group, which suggested that other ingredients in Herba Epimedii may contribute to the in vivo absorption of icarrin and icarisid II. This simple, rapid, relatively green and high effeicient method would provide a new approach for the extraction of active ingredients from complex biological samples.