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While transgenic technology has heralded a new era in crop improvement, several concerns have precluded their widespread acceptance. Alternative technologies, such as cisgenesis and genome-editing may address many of such issues and facilitate the development of genetically engineered crop varieties with multiple favourable traits. Genetic engineering and plant transformation have played a pivotal role in crop improvement via introducing beneficial foreign gene(s) or silencing the expression of endogenous gene(s) in crop plants. Genetically modified crops possess one or more useful traits, such as, herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, disease resistance, and nutritional improvement. To date, nearly 525 different transgenic events in 32 crops have been approved for cultivation in different parts of the world. The adoption of transgenic technology has been shown to increase crop yields, reduce pesticide and insecticide use, reduce CO2 emissions, and decrease the cost of crop productcerns.To examine the construct validity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), the bifactor S-1 approach has been applied as an alternative to the fully symmetrical bifactor models in order to eliminate anomalous results and to allow for an unambiguous interpretation of g- and s-factors. We compared and contrasted our results with those of Burns et al. (2019) and extended their analyses by taking into account a two- vs. a three-factor structure of ADHD. Data from our previous research were reanalyzed and reinterpreted in accordance with the bifactor S-1 approach, constructing different models with hyperactivity (HY), impulsivity (IM) or hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) as the general factor. No anomalous results were observed. All factor loadings were significant. Our results were comparable to those reported by Burns et al. (2019), although items from the specific subscales inattention (IN) and ODD accounted for more variance in our sample. Model fit for our HI model was comparable to that in Burns et al. (2019). In our sample, model fit was best when solely HY or IM was chosen as a general reference factor. Rapamycin mw However, in these cases, the remaining specific factor IM or HY was weakly defined. Overall, we were able to replicate the results found by Burns et al. 2019), although our factor loadings on the g-factor were slightly lower and our specificity regarding IN and ODD was slightly higher. Our results support a two-factor structure of ADHD/ODD in a clinical population.Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. (Apocynaceae) is an evergreen tree that has been used to treat lung diseases. In this study, the toxicity profile of indole alkaloids from leaves of A. scholaris was investigated. In acute toxicity tests, mice were administered total alkaloids (TA) and five indole alkaloids. In a chronic toxicity test, rats were continuously administered TA (50, 100, and 300 mg/kg bw) for 13 weeks, followed by a 4-week recovery. A single administration of TA affected the behavior of mice, and at 12.8 g/kg bw, prone position, shortness of breath, wheezing, and convulsion were observed. The half-lethal dose (LD50) in mice was 5.48 g/kg bw, almost 2740 times the clinical dose in humans. Among the five indole alkaloids, the maximum tolerance dose in mice ranged from 0.75 to 4 g/kg bw. The TA-treated rats did not die and showed no adverse effects or dose-dependent changes in weight or food and water consumption, despite fluctuations in hematological and biochemical parameters compared with historical data. Furthermore, both gross and histopathological observations revealed no abnormalities in any organ. With daily oral administration to rats, the non-observed-adverse-effect-level of TA was 100 mg/kg bw. The results indicate that TA is safe for clinical use.Texture analysis (TA) can provide quantitative features from medical imaging that can be correlated to clinical endpoints. The challenges relevant to robustness of radiomics features have been analyzed by many researchers, as it seems to be influenced by acquisition and reconstruction protocols. Delta-texture analysis (D-TA), conversely, consist in the analysis of TA feature variations at different acquisition times, usually before and after a therapy. Aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different CT scanners and acquisition parameters in the robustness of TA and D-TA. We scanned a commercial phantom (CIRS model 467, Gammex, Middleton, WI, USA), that is used for the calibration of electron density, two times by varying the disposition of plugs, using three different scanners. After the segmentation, we extracted TA features with LifeX and calculated TA features and D-TA features, defined as the variation of each TA parameters extracted from the same position by varying the plugs with the for work is needed in a clinical setting to confirm the results of the present study.To study responses of Procapra przewalskii to zinc (Zn) nutrition in physical habitat, we analyzed the content of mineral elements in soil, forage, and animal tissues. Physiological and biochemical indexes were also determined. The results showed that Zn contents in the soil and forage from affected pasture were significantly lower (P  less then  0.01) than those in unaffected areas. Zn concentrations in the blood, liver, and hair from affected P. przewalskii were also significantly lower (P  less then  0.01) than those in healthy animals. The levels of hemoglobin, erythrocyte count, and packed cell volume from affected P. przewalskii were significantly lower (P  less then  0.01) than those in healthy animals. Serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase activities were significantly lower (P  less then  0.01) in affected P. przewalskii than in healthy animals, while serum lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly higher (P  less then  0.01) in affected compared with healthy animals. The activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in serum were significantly lower and the malondialdehyde content was significantly higher (all P  less then  0.01) in affected compared with healthy animals. Affected P. przewalskii were treated orally with ZnSO4. The Zn content in the blood increased gradually and serum antioxidant indexes gradually returned to within the healthy range. Zn deprivation in forage thus not only influenced the blood mineral content but also severely disrupted blood parameters and antioxidant function in P. przewalskii.