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However, downregulating miR-217-5p expression reversed the effects of I/R. SIRT1 was predicted and verified to be the target of miR-217-5p, and silencing SIRT1 reversed the effects of downregulating miR-217-5p on I/R-injured cells. Downregulating miR-217-5p could help restore mitochondrial function via targeting SIRT1, so as to protect cardiomyocytes against I/R-induced injury.The justification for harm reduction as an approach to drug use and addiction is seen by many to be consequentialist in form and it has been claimed that as a deontologist Kant would reject harm reduction. I argue this is wrong on both counts. A more nuanced understanding of harm reduction and Kant shows them compatible. Kant's own remarks about intoxication reinforce this. Moreover, there is a Kantian argument that harm reduction is not only morally permissible but more consistent with the Kantian duty of respect for autonomy than mandatory abstinence approaches.

Cardiac dysfunction can occur as a sequela of a state of prolonged pressure overload and postischemic injury. Flavonoids such as quercetin may be protective against cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to systematically assess the effects of quercetin on cardiac function in pressure overload and postischemia-reperfusion injury in rodents.

A systematic search of the literature up to May 2020 was conducted in PubMed, Ovid Medline, EBSCOhost, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library to identify relevant published studies on quercetin and cardiac function using standardized criteria. Meta-analyses were performed on animal studies of pressure overload and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.

The effects of quercetin on cardiac function in both models were qualitatively reported in 14 studies. The effects of quercetin in four pressure-overload model studies involving 73 rodents and eight I/R-injury model studies involving 120 rodents were quantitatively assessed by meta-analysis. Quercetin improved the overall cardiac function in both pressure overload (n = 4 studies, n = 73 rodents; SMD = - 1.50; 95% CI - 2.66 to - 0.33; P < 0.05; I

 = 74.05%) and I/R injury (n = 8 studies, n = 120 rodents; SMD = - 1.81; 95% CI - 3.05 to - 0.56; P < 0.01; I

 = 84.93%) models. The improvement was associated with amelioration in cardiac structure in the pressure-overload model and both systolic and diastolic functioning in the I/R-injury model.

The present meta-analysis suggested that quercetin has beneficial effects for improving cardiac left ventricular dysfunction in both pressure-overload and I/R-injury models.

The present meta-analysis suggested that quercetin has beneficial effects for improving cardiac left ventricular dysfunction in both pressure-overload and I/R-injury models.Exposure to low-frequency vibration is harmful to human lumbar health. selleck inhibitor However, the dynamic mechanical properties of lumbar spines with varying degrees of degeneration during time-dependent vibration remain incompletely understood. In this study, four poroelastic finite element models of human L2-L3 spinal motion segments, including the non-degeneration and the mild, moderate, and serious degeneration, were established. One-hour low-frequency vibrations with different frequencies were applied. Then, the dynamic mechanical properties of different degenerated lumbar models under the same vibration and the same lumbar model under vibrations at different frequencies were investigated. The results indicated and implied that the negative influences of 1-h vibration on the dynamic mechanical properties of the non-degenerated and mildly degenerated models were similar, but became obvious for the moderately and seriously degenerated models with time. Therefore, the damage caused by low-frequency vibration on the degenerated spinal motion segments was more serious compared with that on the healthy one. Meanwhile, the dynamic mechanical properties of the same lumbar model under vibrations at different frequencies expressed the negligible differences when the vibration frequency was not close to the lumbar natural frequency. Thus, the effects of the 1-h vibrations at different frequencies on one spinal motion segment were similar. Vibration frequency sensitivity analysis on the dynamic characteristics of human L2-L3 spinal motion segments with different degrees of degeneration.Successful aging is a concept that has gained popularity and relevance internationally among gerontologists in recent decades. Examining lay older adults' perspectives on successful aging can enhance our understanding of what successful aging means. We conducted a systematic review of peer reviewed studies from multiple countries published in 2010-2020 that contained qualitative responses of lay older adults to open-ended questions such as "What does successful aging mean to you?" We identified 23 studies conducted in 13 countries across North America, Western Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and Oceania. We identified no studies meeting our criteria in Africa, South America, Eastern Europe, North Asia, or Pacific Islands. Across all regions represented in our review, older adults most commonly referred to themes of social engagement and positive attitude in their own lay definitions of successful aging. Older adults also commonly identified themes of independence and physical health. Least mentioned were themes of cognitive health and spirituality. Lay definitions of successful aging varied by country and culture. Our findings suggest that gerontology professionals in fields including healthcare, health psychology, and public health may best serve older adults by providing services that align with older adults' priority of maintaining strong social engagement as they age. Lay perspectives on successful aging acknowledge the importance of positive attitude, independence, and spirituality, in addition to physical and cognitive functioning.

Current management options for pain in stroke patients with the shoulder-hand syndrome (SHS) are limited and often ineffective. The use of peripheral nerve blocking in SHS has been limited due to concerns of hyperalgesia and allodynia in these patients. This study assessed the tolerability of suprascapular nerve (SSN) and median nerve blocks for acute control of pain in patients with post-stroke SHS.

All SHS patients fulfilled diagnosis using the Budapest criteria. Patient tolerability was defined by a composite score that included a change on the visual analog scale (VAS) from baseline for shoulder and hand pain, presence of adverse events, and a self-reported patient satisfaction score. Pain assessment was performed 1 h before (baseline), and 1 h and 2 weeks after the procedure.

Five patients (68.5 ± 9.5 years) with post-stroke SHS underwent SSN and median nerve blocks. Participant assessment 1 h after the procedure indicated that the 2 blocking procedures were well tolerated and that VAS scores for shoulder and hand pain decreased by 79% (- 62.