Barnettbramsen2370
47; 95% confidence interval 2.12-5.69).
Higher level of 14-3-3ξ correlated with poorer patient prognosis in a range of cancer types.
Higher level of 14-3-3ξ correlated with poorer patient prognosis in a range of cancer types.
To determine the prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus among active tuberculosis patients, and to assess the impact of age in this regard.
The meta-analysis comprised studies conducted in Asian and African countries from 2012 to 2018. Data was extracted from the selected studies and was analyzed using the Meta extension of Excel. Comprised studies conducted in Asian and African countries from 2012 to 2018. Data was extracted from the selected studies and was analyzed using the Meta extension of Excel.
Of the 200 studies reviewed, 15(7.5%) were selected for further analyses. The selected studies involved a total of 28,055 patients. Of the selected studies, 8(53%) were from Asia and 7(47%) were from Africa. The overall pooled prevalence of diabetes among tuberculosis patients was 26% (95% confidence interval 14.62 to 35.34). Age had a significant negative effect on the prevalence rate (95% confidence interval -0.634 to 4.179).
Diabetes was found to be widely spreading among Asian and African people, and age was found to be a significant negative factor.
Diabetes was found to be widely spreading among Asian and African people, and age was found to be a significant negative factor.
To evaluate the existing practices of obtaining and documenting informed consent in cases of oral and maxillofacial surgery.
The cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2017 at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery departments of five teaching hospitals of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan, and comprised patients who underwent surgery under general anaesthesia. Data was collected using questionnaire-based interviews a day after the surgery in each case regarding multiple aspects of the informed consent practices. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
Of the 100 patients, 58(58%) were males and 42(42%) were females, while 81(81%) were adults aged >18 years. In 42(42%) cases, the consent document was signed by the patient, and by a relative in 38(38%) cases. In the remaining 20(20%) cases, only verbal consent was taken. In 54(54%) cases nursing staff and in 46(46%) cases residents took the consent. Most patients were informed about nature of their disease 87(87%), proposed treatment 86(86%) and type of anaesthesia 100(100%). Fewer patients were informed about any alternative treatments 38(38%), and possible complications of the surgery 51(51%) or anaesthesia 26(26%). Overall, 44(44%) patients did not fully understand the written information, and 23(23%) said they were encouraged to ask questions.
The quality of informed consent practices was found to be sub-optimal in oral and maxillofacial surgery setups.
The quality of informed consent practices was found to be sub-optimal in oral and maxillofacial surgery setups.
To examine the frequency of specific learning disorder among primary school children.
The cross-sectional study was conducted from January to July 2018 in Sarai Alamgir, Gujrat, Pakistan, and comprised children studying in 3rd and 4th grades of six local public and private primary schools. Data was collected using structured clinical diagnostic interviews based on the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Data was analysed using SPSS 16.
Of the 837 subjects, 413(49.3%) were from private schools and 424(50.7%) from public schools. A total of 174(20.7%) children were found vulnerable to specific learning disorders, while 13(7.5%) of them were diagnosed as suffering from different specific learning disorders. Of these 13 subjects, 1(7.7%) child had reading impairment, 3(23.1%) had mathematics impairment, 4(30.8%) had multiple impairment in mathematics and writing, 1(7.7%) had multiple impairment in mathematics and reading, 1(7.7%) had multiple impairment in reading and writing, and 3(23.1%) had multiple impairment in mathematics, reading and writing.
Specific learning disorder was found to be prevailing in public and private school children.
Specific learning disorder was found to be prevailing in public and private school children.
To study the different epidemiological and polymerase chain reaction-based identification of vibrio cholera.
The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan, from January 5 to December 6, 2019, and comprised faecal / rectal swab samples from patients with a history of untreated severe diarrhoea of <12-hour duration. The samples were collected from suspected cholera patients at different hospitals of the province. The isolates were examined and identified on the basis of colony characters on thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar. Susppected colonies were subjected to gram staining, biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction-based identification. Data was analysed using SPSS 19.
Of the 444 samples, 33(7.43%) were positive for vibrio cholera and 411(92.56%) were negative. The incidence was higher in individuals aged 1-20 years 12(2.7%); males 18(4.05%); Balochs 18(4.05%); lower socioeconomic class 18(4.05%); and illiterates 26(5.85%). The incidence was more in summer 19(4.27%) and spring 8(1.80%) seasons. Polymerase chain reaction was highly effective diagnostic approach, with findings showing clear bands of 588bp of ompW gene.
Surveillance for diarrhoeal disorders is necessary to control future outbreaks of cholera in the region.
Surveillance for diarrhoeal disorders is necessary to control future outbreaks of cholera in the region.
To assess the rate of infectious endophthalmitis with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection, and to evaluate institutional procedure protocol in this regard.
The retrospective consecutive case series was conducted at Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan, from August 2018 to January 2019, and comprised 5-year data from August 2014 to July 2019 related to patients who underwent intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
Of the 7,542 injections administered to 2,734 patients, 5,976(79.2%) were bevacizumab, 1,081(14.3%) ranibizumab and 485(6.4%) aflibercept. ABT-199 There was 1(0.01%) case of infectious endophthalmitis which was treated with 25 gauge pars plana vitrectomy.
The institutional procedure protocol was found to be effective as the rate of infectious endophthalmitis was lower than what is reported in literature.
The institutional procedure protocol was found to be effective as the rate of infectious endophthalmitis was lower than what is reported in literature.
To study the value of high-quality care on the outcome of infiltration and extravasation of peripheral intravenous infusions in children.
The retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China, and comprised secondary-data analysis on children aged <3 years hospitalized between January 2013 and September 2019. The sample was divided into control group A and high-quality care group B. Outcomes noted were severity of infiltration and extravasation of intravenous infusions graded using the Infusion Nurses Society score. Data was analysed using SAS software version 9.4.
Of the 16,268 subjects, 2147(13%) were in control group A and 14,121(87%)were in the high-quality care group B. Group B had lower severity of infiltration and extravasation compared to group A (odds ratio 0.75; 95% confidence interval 0.63-0.90). The causes of infiltration and extravasation included agents with high osmolarity, poor condition of veins, guardianship negligence and allergies to dressing materials (p<0.05).
High-quality care was more effective than routine care in reducing the incidence and degree of infiltration and extravasation of peripheral intravenous infusions.
High-quality care was more effective than routine care in reducing the incidence and degree of infiltration and extravasation of peripheral intravenous infusions.
To investigate the association of receptor for advanced glycation end products gene polymorphism 429T/C (rs1800625) with diabetic retinopathy and serum soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
The case-control study was conducted from January 2017 to December 2018 at Pakistan Railway Hospital, Rawalpindi, and the Multidisciplinary Laboratories of Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University (RIU), Islamabad, Pakistan. Those included were healthy controls in group A, diabetics without retinopathy in group B and patients having diabetic retinopathy in group C. Genotyping for 429T/C was done by tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction. Serum soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.
Of the 450 subjects, 150(33.3%) were in each of the three groups. The frequency of TT, TC and CC genotypeucts gene polymorphism was found to be associated with severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and serum soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products levels had a positive correlation with severity of diabetic retinopathy.
To assess patients' knowledge and attitude towards different dental materials used in private and public dental facilities in an urban setting.
The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Islamabad Dental and Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan, from February to July 2019, and comprised individuals at private dental clinics and teaching hospitals. Data was collected using a pre-validated structured questionnaire that recorded socio-demographic information as well as patients' perception on evidence-based dentistry using visual analogue, trust on the dentist, quality of materials and the source of information. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
Of the 269 participants, 151(56.1%) were females with a mean age of 33.87±12.63 years, and 118(43.9%) were males with a mean age of 33.28±13.71 years. Overall, 208(77.3%) respondents were in favour of using materials with long-term scientific data; 201(74.7%) recognised a difference in quality of materials used at private clinics and teaching hospitals; 128(63.7%) believed that poor quality materials were used in teaching hospitals; 229(85%) trusted their dentists for using high-quality materials; and 108(40%) identified dentists as the source of information. There was a significant relationship between patient's education level and realising the importance of using dental materials supported by scientific evidence (p≤0.01).
Majority of subjects believed that poor quality materials were used in teaching hospitals compared to private dental facilities.
Majority of subjects believed that poor quality materials were used in teaching hospitals compared to private dental facilities.
To identify the attitudes of medical students towards the clinical importance of embryology.
The cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted from September to November 2019 at the private-sector Islam Medical College, Sialkot, Pakistan, and comprised first and final year medical students. A validated questionnaire, consisting of 20 statements, was used to collect data. Students had to tick only those statements with which they were in full agreement. Prior to data-collection, a median score was taken of 50 anatomy teachers regarding their opinion on each statement. Data was analysed using Microsoft Excel.
Of the 194 subjects, 97(50%) each were from the first and final years. The medical students as well as the faculty were found to be appreciative of the importance of embryology in medical studies, with female students showing better attitudes in both the first and the final year groups (p<0.05).
The attitude of students and faculty was found to be positive towards the importance of embryology in medical education.
