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We call on governments, institutions, and healthcare services to support its implementation. © 2020 The Authors. Pediatric Pulmonology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Water-soluble carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized using a one-step hydrothermal treatment of chloroplast dispersions extracted from fresh leaves as a green carbon source. The CD solution showed an emission peak centred at 445 nm when excited at 300 nm. The synthesized CDs were uniform and monodispersed with an average size of 5.6 nm. When adding ferric(III) ions (Fe3+ ) to the solution of the original CDs, the fluorescence intensity decreased significantly. Based on the linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and concentration of Fe3+ ions, an effective method for rapid, sensitive and selective Fe3+ sensing in aqueous solution could be established. Under optimum conditions, the extent of the fluorescence quenching of prepared CDs strongly depended on the Fe3+ ions over a wide concentration range 1.0-100.0 μM with a detection limit (3σ/k) of 0.3 μM. Furthermore, the quantitative determination of Fe3+ ions in environmental water samples was realized. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, along with adipose tissue wasting, systemic inflammation and other metabolic abnormalities leading to functional impairment. Cancer cachexia has long been recognized as a direct cause of complications in cancer patients, reducing quality of life and worsening disease outcomes. Some related conditions, like sarcopenia (age-related muscle wasting), anorexia (appetite loss) and asthenia (reduced muscular strength and fatigue), share some key features with cancer cachexia, such as weakness and systemic inflammation. Understanding the interplay and the differences between these conditions is critical to advance basic and translational research in this field, improving the accuracy of diagnosis and contributing to finally achieve effective therapies for affected patients. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders.Local drug delivery systems have recently been developed for multiple diseases that have the requirements of site-specific actions, prolonged delivery periods, and decreased drug dosage to reduce undesirable side effects. The challenge for such systems is to achieve directional and precise delivery in inaccessible narrow lesions, such as periodontal pockets or root canals in deeper portions of the dentinal tubules. The primary strategy to tackle this challenge is fabricating a smart tracking delivery system. Here, drug-loaded biodegradable micromotors showing self-propelled directional movement along a hydrogen peroxide concentration gradient produced by phorbol esters-stimulated macrophages are reported. The drug-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) micromotors with asymmetric coverage of enzyme (patch-like enzyme distribution) are prepared by electrospraying and postfunctionalized with catalase via 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide coupling. Doxycycline, a common drug for the treatment of periodontal disease, is selected as a model drug, and the release study by high-performance liquid chromatography is shown that both the postfunctionalization step and the presence of hydrogen peroxide have no negative influence on drug release profiles. The movement behavior in the presence of hydrogen peroxide is confirmed by nanoparticle tracking analysis. An in vitro model is designed and confirmed the response efficiency and directional control of the micromotors toward phorbol esters-stimulated macrophages. © 2020 The Authors. MRTX1719 Published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.We encountered a 12-year-old boy with type 2 diabetes who was born small-for-gestational age (SGA). We described his clinical characteristics and a possible etiological factor for development of hyperglycemia. He developed well with sufficient nutrition and progressed to being overweight at 6 years of age due to a high-calorie high-protein intake diet. He showed a diabetic pattern with a normal insulin response on an oral glucose tolerance test conducted with the urine glucose screening program at schools. He exhibited a large total fat area of 239.4 cm2 ; particularly, his visceral fat area (VFA) was 103.0 cm2 with a high ratio of VFA to subcutaneous fat area (0.76). The present case might show that insulin resistance, possibly due to accumulation of a great amount of VF, might be attributed to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in the children born SGA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.INTRODUCTION Although early rehabilitation for acute inpatients is widely recommended, the effectiveness of early physical rehabilitation for interstitial pneumonia in the acute setting remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of early rehabilitation on mortality in patients with interstitial pneumonia in the acute setting. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study used a hospital-based database created by the Japan Medical Data Center. SETTING Over 100 acute-care hospitals across Japan. PARTICIPANTS Inpatients hospitalized due to interstitial pneumonia from 2014 to 2018. INTERVENTIONS Early rehabilitation provided by physical therapists and/or occupational therapists within 2 days of admission. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES 30- and 90-day in-hospital mortality. RESULTS Among the included inpatients, 847 (50%) underwent early rehabilitation. Mortality was significantly lower in the early rehabilitation group compared with the delayed rehabilitation group (30-day mortality 6.8% vs 12.1%, 90-day mortality 13.0% vs 19.8%). The differences were significant after propensity score adjustment using inverse probability weighting (30-day mortality 7.6% vs 11.0%, 90-day mortality 14.3% vs 18.0%). CONCLUSION Early rehabilitation was associated with decreased mortality in hospitalized patients with interstitial pneumonia. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.