Banksdunn4430

Stress is a dynamic construct that predicts a range of health behaviors and conditions, including binge eating and excess weight. Thus far, there have been limited and inconsistent findings regarding stress responses in binge-eating disorder (BED) and insufficient consideration of temporal patterns of stress responses across the weight spectrum.

The present study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine stress reactivity (i.e., the magnitude of the initial stress response), recovery (i.e., how long the stress response lasts before returning to baseline), and pileup (i.e., accumulation of repeated experiences of stressors and responses over time) as predictors of binge-eating symptoms (BES) and food craving in BED.

Adults with BED (N = 115) completed a 7 day EMA protocol assessing stressful events, perceived stress, binge eating, and food craving prior to being randomized to a behavioral intervention.

Generalized estimating equations indicated that moments of greater stress pileup predicted greater subsequent BES (within-person effect). Participants with higher perceived stress and pileup reported greater overall BES and craving, and those with better recovery reported higher overall craving (between-person effects).

Findings highlight the importance of considering the dynamic nature of stress responses and, particularly, that the accumulation of stress over the day is an important trigger for BES.

Findings highlight the importance of considering the dynamic nature of stress responses and, particularly, that the accumulation of stress over the day is an important trigger for BES.We report a method for the synthesis of amidinate stabilized silylene (NHSi) metal-halide complexes from MN(SiMe3)22 (M = Mn, Fe, Co). The reported reactions can be used to make mono-silylene or bis-silylene complexes and the resulting products can be easily controlled by the reaction stoichiometry. Additionally, we apply this new synthetic protocol for the synthesis of a bis-iron complex derived from a bis-amidinate ligand having a terphenyl backbone.Ring-opening by CuSO4 of a 1,3-thiazolidine carbonyl structure (Thz) as an N-terminal cysteine (Cys) residue revealed that an intramolecular S-acetamidomethyl cysteine (Cys(Acm)) can also be deprotected with concomitant formation of a disulphide bond connecting the two Cys residues. A mechanistic study on the disulphide formation led to a general protocol for deprotection of the S-Acm group by CuSO4 and a 1,2-aminothiol under aerobic conditions. Application of this new deprotection reaction allowed for the synthesis of Apamin, a peptide with two-disulphides in a one-pot/stepwise disulphide-bridging procedure.In this article, we have systematically explored the electronic, optical and thermoelectric properties of tetragonal germanene (T-Ge) using first principles calculations. The ground state geometry of pristine T-Ge is buckled and exhibits nodal line semi-metallic behaviour. In addition, we have proposed a tight binding (TB) model Hamiltonian that efficiently explains the emergence of double Dirac points at the Fermi level of T-Ge. Furthermore, a hopping relation has been explored at which both Dirac points merge and then annihilate resulting in a direct band gap at the Γ point. To exploit the buckling of the system, we have employed a transverse electric field, which invariably breaks the sublattice symmetry and removes the degeneracies at the Fermi surface. Furthermore, the band gap at the Dirac points varies linearly with the external electric field strength. Our TB Hamiltonian adequately satisfies the first principles results even in the presence of an external electric field. Moreover, we have found that T-Ge offers efficient tuning of band gaps at the Dirac points compared to other buckled systems viz. hexagonal silicene and germanene. In addition, the optical behaviour of T-Ge has been explained in accordance with the electronic states of the system. The strong optical responses in a low energy region make the material efficient for optical nanodevice applications. Moreover, T-Ge shows relatively better thermoelectric behaviour than graphene. Therefore, the external electric field induced tunable band gap and intriguing low energy optical signals pave the way to choose T-Ge as a smart choice for optoelectronic device applications. Finally we have suggested probable routes for experimental realization of the T-Ge structure.Highly diastereoselective methods for the synthesis of two different diastereomers of polynuclear dispiroheterocyclic compounds with five chiral centers comprising pyrrolidinyloxindole and imidazothiazolotriazine moieties (dispiro[imidazo[4,5-e]thiazolo[2,3-c]-1,2,4-triazine-7,3'-pyrrolidine-2',3-indoles]) have been developed on the basis of a dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides to benzylidene derivatives of imidazothiazolotriazines and an alkali-induced rearrangement of the thiazolotriazine fragment. The different sequence of the cycloaddition and rearrangement stages allows us to perform the targeted synthesis of two diastereomerically pure products from the same starting compounds.Introducing macromolecular micelles into a biocompatible hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel is a promising strategy to improve its mechanical properties for biomedical applications. However, it is still unclear whether the solvent nature has an influence on the structure and property of HA gels especially when they are used for those cases containing binary solvents because reversible hydrophobic association within micelles could be weakened or even dissociated by organic solvents. In this work, we demonstrated that a binary solvent consisting of water and low-toxic dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a commonly used cryoprotectant agent in biomedicine, can enhance the mechanical properties of hydrophobic-associated methacrylated hyaluronate (MeHA) gels crosslinked by diacrylated PEO99-PPO65-PEO99 (F127DA) macromolecular micelles, namely FH gels. The resulting FH hydro/organo-gels showed a crystalline structure due to polymer/solvent interactions. The FH gels showed a low swelling degree and the maximum strength (10.12 MPa), modulus (106.8 kPa) and toughness (1540 J m-2) in DMSO with a volume fraction of around 0.6. Moreover, the FH gels displayed a rapid recoverability under cyclic loading-unloading stress particularly in the presence of DMSO within the network due to their dual-dynamic dissipation networks. Such novel hydrophobic associated polysaccharide gels with tunable mechanical properties in binary solvents would be attractive in a cryopreservation system for cell-based applications.Herein, we report the synthesis of calix[4]resorcinarene-based multivalent ligands bearing β-S-GlcNAc and β-S-AllNAc recognition elements. A clickable β-S-AllNAc derivative was successfully prepared from a β-thioalkynyl GlcNAc precursor, making use of a 2,3-oxazoline intermediate, easily formed by intramolecular displacement of a triflate group located at the 3-position by the 2-N-acetate group. By reaction of these alkynyl-functionalized derivatives with an octaazido-calix[4]resorcinarene macrocycle having undecyl chains, two octavalent glycoclusters exposing the epimeric N-acetylhexosamines were obtained. In addition, a related calix[4]resorcinarene-based glycocluster having methyl groups instead of undecyl chains and β-S-GlcNAc residues was also synthesized. After an initial evaluation of the interaction of the undecyl-functionalized β-S-GlcNAc octavalent derivative with Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) by a turbidimetry experiment, the interaction of the three synthesized glycoclusters towards WGA was studied by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry. Proteinase K order The results showed a favorable effect due to the presence of the undecyl chains in terms of affinity. Surprisingly, the β-S-AllNAc octavalent compound showed the highest affinity among the evaluated glycoclusters, showing for the first time that WGA interacts with β-AllNAc-bearing ligands. Molecular docking studies of β-AllNAc with WGA in comparison with β-GlcNAc contributed to the understanding of the atomic interactions responsible for this unexpected affinity.A bifunctional cholic acid-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (bpa) ligand featuring an amide linker was coordinated to a manganese(i) or rhenium(i) tricarbonyl moiety to give [M(bpacholamide)(CO)3] with M = Mn, Re in good yield and very high purity. Strong antibacterial activity was observed against four strains of methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) Staphylococcus aureus, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the range of 2-3.5 μM. No difference in response was observed for the MSSA vs. MRSA strains. Activity was also independent of the nature of the metal center, as the Mn and Re complexes showed essentially identical MIC values. In contrast to some other metal carbonyl complexes, the activity seems to be unrelated to the release of carbon monoxide, as photoactivation of the Mn complex reduced the potency by a factor of 2-8. Both metal complexes were non-toxic in Galleria mellonella larvae at concentrations of up to 100× the MIC value. In vivo testing in Galleria larvae infecther the cholic acid moiety nor the metal-carbonyl fragment alone appear to be responsible for the biological activity observed and thus the search for the primary intracellular target continues.The use of ball-mills enabled the straightforward synthesis of a variety of silver(i) complexes featuring challenging NHC ligands. Sterically hindered including electron-poor or with very low solubility imidazolium salts were ground with silver(i) oxide to furnish heteroleptic or homoleptic complexes in high yields and short reaction times. The synthesis of heteroleptic bis-NHC silver(i) complexes was also performed for the first time in a ball mill. The efficiency and rapidity of the mechanochemical approach enabled the generation of a library of unprecedented NHC silver complexes, whose cytotoxicity on the HCT116 colorectal cancer cell line was evaluated providing a rare example of medicinal mechanochemistry. The cationic silver complexes were found to be more potent than the neutral analogues, with IC50 values down to 21 nM and 256 times more potent than cisplatin.Inducing new phases in thick films via vertical lattice strain is one of the critical advantages of vertically aligned nanocomposites (VANs). In SrTiO3 (STO), the ground state is ferroelastic, and the ferroelectricity in STO is suppressed by the orthorhombic transition. Here, we explore whether vertical lattice strain in three-dimensional VANs can be used to induce new ferroelectric phases in SrTiO3MgO (STOMgO) VAN thin films. The STOMgO system incorporates ordered, vertically aligned MgO nanopillars into a STO film matrix. Strong lattice coupling between STO and MgO imposes a large lattice strain in the STO film. We have investigated ferroelectricity in the STO phase, existing up to room temperature, using piezoresponse force microscopy, phase field simulation and second harmonic generation. We also serendipitously discovered the formation of metastable TiO nanocores in MgO nanopillars embedded in the STO film matrix. Our results emphasize the design of new phases via vertical epitaxial strain in VAN thin films.