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Previous studies suggested that neck circumference (NC) as a new, simple, and valuable tool for the measuring obesity. However, the results of studies regarding the relationship between blood lipids and neck circumference were inconsistent. Therefore, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the association between NC and lipid profiles in adults.
PubMed and Scopus electronic databases were searched until 30 June 2018 to find articles that reported the association between NC and blood lipids. Mean serum lipids and variables contributed to heterogeneity were extracted. Sources of inter-study heterogeneity were determined by subgroup analysis. Of 2490 publications identified, 33 studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. We found an inverse correlation between NC and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C; overall Fisher's Z = -0.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.21, -0.15]. Furthermore, we found positive associations between NC and total cholessely associated with HDL and directly related to LDL-C.
Recent studies have emphasized that metabolic syndrome (MetS) was the most important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the institutionalized elderly. In addition, the occurrence of MetS was higher in those with longer age-adjusted institutionalization time. The present study was conducted to assess predictive value of markers of adipose tissue dysfunction for the early screening of MetS in this population.
Two hundred and eleven institutionalized older adults (132 women, aged 74.3 ± 7.3 years; 79 men, aged 71.5 ± 7.3 years) were enrolled in the current cross-sectional study. Lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), body adiposity index (BAI), and triglycerides (TG)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol ratio were determined. The receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated to compare the area under the curve of each index. The total prevalence of MetS was 23.8%. SBI-0206965 inhibitor In female group, VAI and TG/HDL ratio presented moderate-high sensitivity (77.78% and 78.38%, respectively) and specificity (77.62% and 73.49%, respectively). In males group, LAP presented moderate-high sensitivity (75%) and specificity (76.9%).
Gender played a key role on the prediction of MetS by adipose dysfunction markers in institutionalized elderly. Accordingly, VAI and TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio showed the highest predictive value for MetS in female elderly. LAP was the strongest predictor of MetS in male elderly.
Gender played a key role on the prediction of MetS by adipose dysfunction markers in institutionalized elderly. Accordingly, VAI and TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio showed the highest predictive value for MetS in female elderly. LAP was the strongest predictor of MetS in male elderly.This paper reviews the literature on functional neurological disorders (Dissociative (conversion disorders - F44). The authors present a change in views on the etiology and the main mechanisms of the pathogenesis of this pathology during the period of its study. The modern ideas about the types of cerebral dysfunction characteristic of functional neurological disorders are considered. The description of the most characteristic mental and somatic symptoms observed in dissociative disorders and the features of their clinical manifestations are given. The current approaches to the therapy of functional neurological disorders are considered.This review examines the current data on central nervous system damage in cases of the new coronavirus infection caused by the COVID-19 virus. The pathogenetic mechanisms leading to damage to the brain and spinal cord are considered. The analysis of available research articles and meta-analyzes published up to fall 2020 is carried out. The authors provide the results of their own clinical observations of various forms of damage to the central nervous system in cases of COVID-19 virus disease. Particular attention is paid to certain common forms of damage to the central nervous system, such as encephalitis, cerebrovascular pathology, and headaches. A form of acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy is distinguished, which is a rather rare but fatal pathology, comorbid with the COVID-19 virus. The data of our own clinical case of acute necrotizing encephalopathy are presented. The importance of further studying the effect of coronavirus on the central nervous system and possible mechanisms of therapy and rehabilitation for this category of patients is emphasized.In this review, sequential stages of the development of negative disorders doctrine are presented beginning from first description of negative symptoms (Aretaeus of Cappadocia - AD I-II) and the first deficit classification (including two polar types congenital and acquired dementia by J.-E. Esquirol) to indigenous Russian (I.M. Balinsky, I.P. Merzheevsky, S.S. Korsakov, V.P. Serbsky and others) and foreign (B. Morel, H. Schüle, K. Kahlbaum, E. Hecker) studies of the middle 19th - beginning of 20th century. Special attention in this review of studies in prenosological period is given to the W. Griesinger's development of the main statements of deficit changes' classification and development pathways. Authors' studies created conditions not only for psychopathological construct of negative disorders to be set apart into particular category - «secondary insanity» (a group of psychiatric set of symptoms, which accumulate manifestations of mental deficit), but for to be subsequently clinically studied.
To study the prevalence of somatic diseases in patients with mental disorders based on the results of medical examination in Moscow mental health clinics in 2018.
A retrospective analysis of the results of the clinical examinations of 6492 outpatients, which accounted for 79.5% of patients who underwent medical examination in this time period.
Comorbid somatic diseases were found in 4883 (75%) patients. Hypertension and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were most frequent with the prevalence higher than in the general population of the Russian Federation. Patients with diagnosed schizophrenia, along with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, have found to be at increased risk of diseases of the endocrine system and metabolic disorders. The incidence of the mentioned diseases is not higher than that reported in literature.
The higher prevalence of socially relevant diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus) among patients with mental disorders demands the development of strategies for prevention, early detection and treatment of these diseases in psychiatric patients.
The higher prevalence of socially relevant diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus) among patients with mental disorders demands the development of strategies for prevention, early detection and treatment of these diseases in psychiatric patients.
To study the effectiveness of interfering visual stimuli inhibition using the flanker task in a group of healthy young and healthy old participants, and in a group of participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Reaction times and accuracy, as well as the diffusion model of reaction times with parameters reflecting perceptual and motor processes, stimulus processing speed, and conservativeness of response selection were analyzed.
We found reduced speed and accuracy in older age, especially in MCI patients. The reduction was especially pronounced in patients with the incongruent distracters. For diffusion model parameters, perceptual and motor processes took longer with older age, reduced processing speed was found only in pathological aging, and specific effectiveness reduction for incongruent probes in patients was driven by increased conservativeness of responses.
The results indicate the joint influence of normal and pathological aging processes on patients with MCI. The deceleration of the pa based on the analysis of reaction time components. It is important to take into account the conservativeness of responses as a factor slowing down the reaction time in pathological and normal cognitive aging.
To test the hypothesis that weak electromagnetic fields of low frequencies (0.5-26 Hz) could affect daytime sleep features and structure.
Parameters of daytime sleep continuity were compared in the study with counterbalanced control/exposition (40 min exposure to electromagnetic field at 1 Hz/0.004 μT) scheme in 22 healthy volunteers. Nonlinear regression model was used to assess daytime sleep continuity.
Exposure to a weak electromagnetic field of ultra-low frequency significantly improved the quality of sleep, assessed by the indicator of sleep continuity, namely, there were fewer transitions from the second and deeper stages of sleep to the first stage and to the state of wakefulness (
<0.0001).
The results can be used to develop non-pharmacological methods of sleep correction, as well as to improve the quality of short-term sleep and its positive effect on well-being, cognitive function and working capacity.
The results can be used to develop non-pharmacological methods of sleep correction, as well as to improve the quality of short-term sleep and its positive effect on well-being, cognitive function and working capacity.
To develop a scale of complex assessment of treatment outcomes based on the indicators of the traditionally used scales.
A total of 420 patients with paranoid schizophrenia were examined. During the study, an analysis of patients' outpatient and inpatient cards and psychodiagnostic scales for quantitative assessment of clinical, cognitive and social aspects patients' life was carried out.
The developed scale of treatment result complex assessment provides a personalized approach to the management of patients with paranoid schizophrenia. Such complex assessment of the patients' mental state helps to optimize the analysis of the effects of various therapies, to simplify diagnostic tactics and to personalize the treatment algorithm.
The developed scale of treatment result complex assessment provides a personalized approach to the management of patients with paranoid schizophrenia. Such complex assessment of the patients' mental state helps to optimize the analysis of the effects of various therapies, to simplify diagnostic tactics and to personalize the treatment algorithm.
To study the dynamics of personality features and features of self-release in drug addicts.
We examined 10 drug-dependent patients with whom psycho-correctional work was carried out, 10 drug-dependent patients with whom correctional work was not carried out, and 20 healthy young people. All participants were men aged 20 to 24 years. Personality characteristics were determined by Cattell's 16PF questionnaire and a set of psychological tests. Correction work was carried out by a psychologist (7 sessions, one hour each). In these cases, the patients were examined before and after psychocorrectional intervention.
The high levels of sociability, self-esteem and expressiveness combined with low intelligence were identified in drug addicts compared with healthy people. Drug addicts are willing to accept themselves and are interested in their own personality.
This study is of practical importance and can be used as a material for dealing with people with addictive behavior.
This study is of practical importance and can be used as a material for dealing with people with addictive behavior.
