Bankelancaster9163

In the present review, we will focus on the expression and function of CD36 related signaling in the pancreatic β-cells in response to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia (ceramide) along with the clinical studies on the association between CD36 and metabolic disorders. Copyright © 2020 Korean Diabetes Association.Fibrates, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α agonists, are potent lipid-modifying drugs. Their main effects are reduction of triglycerides and increase in high-density lipoprotein levels. Several randomized controlled trials have not demonstrated their benefits on cardiovascular risk reduction, especially as an "add on" to statin therapy. However, subsequent analyses by major clinical trials, meta-analyses, and real-world evidence have proposed their potential in specific patient populations with atherogenic dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. Here, we have reviewed and discussed the accumulated data on fibrates to understand their current status in cardiovascular risk management. Copyright © 2020 Korean Diabetes Association.Epithelial ovarian cancer has been traditionally treated with cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy. Optimal surgery is the key to improving the prognosis, and, thus, preoperative imaging should be carefully assessed to determine if the involvement of gastrointestinal, vascular, or thoracic surgeons is necessary to achieve this. Consequently, gynecologists should be able to recognize which imaging features suggest optimal or suboptimal resection. The aim of this review was to present the preoperative imaging features indicating suboptimal resection of epithelial ovarian cancer. The conventional allometric method entails fitting a straight line to logarithmic transformations of the original bivariate data and then back-transforming the resulting equation (at least implicitly) to form a two-parameter power function, Y = a × Xb , on the arithmetic scale. Although the protocol is widely used in contemporary research, it commonly performs poorly and thereby leads investigators to form inaccurate impressions of the dominant pattern in their data. Here I re-examine the metabolic allometry for six species of carabid beetle to illustrate the problem that arises when pattern in the original data can be described by two (or more) statistically equivalent equations with different functional form. Whereas conventional analyses of data for the beetles yielded only a single descriptive model for each dataset (i.e., the two-parameter power equation), the more versatile protocol used here fitted two to four statistically equivalent equations (including the two-parameter power function) to the same sets of observations. Conclusions based on just the power equation estimated by conventional allometry would be misleading because the equation does not afford a unique description for pattern in the data. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.BACKGROUND Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is an important extracellular matrix protein primarily functioning in the musculoskeletal tissues and especially endochondral bone growth. Mutations in COMP cause the skeletal dysplasia pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH) that is characterized by short limbs and fingers, joint laxity, and abnormalities but a striking lack of skull and facial abnormalities. METHODS This study examined both mice and humans to determine how mutant-COMP affects face and skull growth. RESULTS Mutant COMP (MT-COMP) mice were phenotypically distinct. Snout length and skull height were diminished in MT-COMP mouse and the face more closely resembled younger controls. Three-dimensional facial measurements of PSACH faces showed widely spaced eyes, reduced lower facial height, and decreased nasal protrusion, which correlated with a more juvenile appearing face. Neither MT-COMP mice nor PSACH individuals show midface hypoplasia usually associated with abnormal endochondral bone growth. MT-COMP mice do show delayed endochondral and membranous skull ossification that normalizes with age. CONCLUSION Therefore, mutant-COMP affects both endochondral and intramembranous bones of the skull resulting in a reduction of the nose and lower facial height in mice and humans, in addition to its well-defined role in the growth plate chondrocytes. © 2020 The Authors. Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.AIMS This study aims to investigate the association of resting heart rate (RHR) measured in late adolescence with long-term risk of cause-specific heart failure (HF) and subtypes of cardiomyopathy (CM), with special attention to cardiorespiratory fitness. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a nation-wide, register-based cohort study of all Swedish men enrolled for conscription in 1968-2005 (n = 1 008 363; mean age = 18.3 years). RHR and arterial blood pressure were measured together with anthropometrics as part of the enlistment protocol. HF and its concomitant diagnoses, as well as all CM diagnoses, were collected from the national inpatient, outpatient, and cause of death registries. Risk estimates were calculated by Cox-proportional hazards models while adjusting for potential confounders. During follow-up, there were 8400 cases of first hospitalization for HF and 3377 for CM. Comparing the first and fifth quintiles of the RHR distribution, the hazard ratio (HR) for HF associated with coronary heart disease, diabetes, or hypertension was 1.25 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13-1.38] after adjustment for body mass index, blood pressure, and cardiorespiratory fitness. The corresponding HR was 1.43 (CI = 1.08-1.90) for HF associated with CM and 1.34 (CI = 1.16-1.54) for HF without concomitant diagnosis. There was an association between RHR and dilated CM [HR = 1.47 (CI = 1.27-1.71)] but not hypertrophic, alcohol/drug-induced, or other cardiomyopathies. Apoptosis inhibitor CONCLUSIONS Adolescent RHR is associated with future risk of HF, regardless of associated aetiological condition. The association was strongest for HF associated with CM, driven by the association with dilated CM. These findings indicate a causal pathway between elevated RHR and myocardial dysfunction that warrants further investigation. © 2020 The Authors. ESC Heart Failure published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.