Bangluna2059

While India has made substantial progress in introducing new vaccines and scaling up immunization coverage, inequities persist sub-nationally. This study was performed to investigate the risk of under-immunization based on class membership and to identify heterogeneous classes based on sociodemographic characteristics in pediatric and maternal populations in India through latent class analysis.

Data from the most recent National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015-2016 were used. Latent class analysis was used to model immunization coverage in children aged 12-23 months and mothers, and to identify subgroups to characterize those at risk of not being immunized.

Patterns of sociodemographic characteristics were found to contribute to non-immunization or under-immunization among pediatric and maternal populations in India. Individuals who fit into one of three categories were identified in both populations those at high, medium, and lower risk of not being immunized. find more Lower socioeconomic status, lack of antenatal care, and lower maternal education put individuals at higher risk of not being immunized with routine childhood vaccines and maternal tetanus toxoid.

Predisposing risk factors can persistently impact immunization status despite improvements in immunization access in India. Tailored programmatic interventions should be developed to improve immunization coverage among those children and mothers who are at highest risk of being under-immunized or not immunized.

Predisposing risk factors can persistently impact immunization status despite improvements in immunization access in India. Tailored programmatic interventions should be developed to improve immunization coverage among those children and mothers who are at highest risk of being under-immunized or not immunized.Following the easing of lockdown measures in many sub-Saharan African countries, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases have been on the rise. As the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, may be difficult to stop in these settings, we propose that the existing COVID-19 prevention strategies aimed at reducing overall transmission are complemented with more targeted strategies to protect people at risk of severe COVID-19 disease. We suggest investigating the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of distributing COVID-19 prevention kits to households with persons at increased risk of severe COVID-19 disease.

To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in Santiago, Chile.

This was an observational study of children with MIS-C (May 1 to June 24, 2020), in three pediatric hospitals in Santiago. Demographic characteristics and epidemiological data, medical history, laboratory tests, cardiology evaluations, treatment, and clinical outcomes were analyzed.

Twenty-seven patients were admitted (median age 6, range 0-14 years). Sixteen of the 27 (59%) required intensive care unit admission; there were no deaths. Seventy-four percent had no comorbidities, and the median number of days of symptoms before admission was 4 (range 2-9 days). Gastrointestinal symptoms were the most frequent, and inflammatory markers were increased at admission. A recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was detected in 82% of cases. The severe group showed significantly lower hemoglobin and albumin levels, decreased platelet counts, and higher d-dimer during disease evolution. Echocardiography showed abnormalities (myocardial, pericardial, or coronary) in 12 patients (46%) during their hospital stay. Anti-inflammatory treatment (immunoglobulin and/or corticosteroids) was prescribed in 24 patients. MIS-C appeared in clusters weeks after the peak of SARS-CoV-2 cases, especially in the most vulnerable areas of Santiago.

This study describes the first series (n = 27) of children with MIS-C in a Latin American country, showing favorable clinical outcomes. Education and alerts are required for clinical teams to establish an early diagnosis and prompt treatment.

This study describes the first series (n = 27) of children with MIS-C in a Latin American country, showing favorable clinical outcomes. Education and alerts are required for clinical teams to establish an early diagnosis and prompt treatment.In the last few decades extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include exosomes and microvesicles, have attracted significant interest in cardiovascular pathophysiology due to their intrinsic properties. Indeed, EVs by transferring their cargo, which contains miRNA, DNA, proteins and lipids, were found effective in preventive and regenerative medicine and in protecting the heart against an array of pathological conditions, including myocardial infarction and arrhythmias. EVs can attenuate cellular senescence, inflammation and myocardial injury. Cardiovascular structures may be targeted by circulating EVs derived by extra-cardiac cells and platelets, as well by EVs locally released from all major cardiovascular cell types, including endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts. Yet, EVs of cardiovascular origin can be also transferred to distant tissues by circulation. Therefore, EVs have been proposed not only as promising diagnostic tools (early disease biomarkers), but also as therapeutics. This review focuses on the protective effects exerted by EVs, released by different cell types in the cardiovascular system. Physical exercise is considered as a natural mechanism of EV production involved in preventive medicine. Particular attention will be devoted to describe the impact of EVs in cardioprotection after ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Radix Polygalae (RP) has been traditionally used for the treatment of various psychiatric disorders in East Asia.

Depression is a severe mental disease with high prevalence in people, and neurobiology changes of depression are not fully clarified yet. The present study aimed to investigate the antidepressant effect and underlying mechanism of RP in behavioral despair mice and chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced rats.

ICR mice were treated with various doses of RP (0.13-1.0g/kg) for 14 days and then subjected to forced swimming test (FST). Wistar rats were exposed to 6-hour restraint stress daily for 28 days, and RP (0.5 and 1g/kg) was administered by gavage 1h prior to CRS procedure. Subsequently, behavioral tests were performed and brains were collected for biochemical analysis.

RP reduced immobility time of mice in FST and reversed abnormal behaviors of rats induced by CRS in sucrose preference test, novelty-suppressed feeding test, open field test and FST. Moreover, RP could enhance the expression of LC3-II and beclin1 and decrease the level of p62 both in cortex of mice and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of rats, and regulate the dysfunction of AMPK-mTOR pathway in PFC of CRS rats.