Balleguerrero8396

The estimated median daily intakes of total methylsiloxanes through street dust were 0.037 and 0.476 ng/kg-bw/d for adults and children, respectively, under high-exposure scenarios. More research is needed to characterize the occurrence of methylsiloxane in various exposure sources and the associated adverse effects on human health.The molecular mechanisms of air pollution-associated adverse cardiovascular effects remain largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the impacts of ambient air pollution on vascular function and the potential mediation effects of amino acids in a longitudinal follow-up of 73 healthy adults living in Beijing, China, between 2014 and 2016. We estimated associations between air pollutants and serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and plasma levels of amino acids using linear mixed-effects models, and elucidated the biological pathways involved using mediation analyses. Higher air pollutant levels were significantly associated with increases in sICAM-1 levels. Metabolomics analysis showed that altered metabolites following short-term air pollution exposure were mainly involved in amino acid metabolism. Significant reductions in levels of plasma alanine, threonine and glutamic acid of 2.1 μM [95% confidence interval (CI) -3.8, -0.3] to 62.0 μM (95% CI -76.1, -47.9) were associated with interquartile range increases in moving averages of PM2.5, BC, CO and SO2 in 1-7 days prior to clinical visits. Mediation analysis also showed that amino acids can mediate up to 48% of the changes in sICAM-1 associated with increased air pollution exposure. Our results indicated that air pollution may prompt vascular dysfunction through perturbing amino acid metabolism.Solar radiation plays a major role in atmospheric photochemistry, contributing to the formation and growth of ultrafine particles (PN). PN affect global Earth's radiation balance, climate system, and human health. However, the impact of solar activity on ambient PN remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the associations between daily ambient PN concentrations [particle number (PN)/cm3] and solar radio flux [solar activity index (F10.7 in sfu)] as a solar activity parameter, shortwave solar radiation (SWR), daylight time (DL), cosmic ray-induced ionization (CRII), and air pollution [PM2.5, black carbon (BC) and SO2] over a 19-year period in Boston, MA. We used generalized additive models adjusted for local environmental conditions. We found that F10.7 was the strongest predictor for daily PN concentrations over all time lags (0-28 days of lags) and seasons. The effects were higher in winter and fall. In winter, an interquartile (IQR) of 60 sfu F10.7 corresponded to an increase of 5770 PN/cm3 in the day of PN collection. In fall, an IQR of 75.5 sfu F10.7 was associated with an increase of 5429 PN/cm3. The effects of F10.7 on PN concentrations were slightly greater when the models were adjusted for air pollution. In summer, ambient PN concentrations were statistically significantly associated with F10.7, SWR, and BC, with the strongest association found for PN and BC in the day of PN collection. Unlike the effects of F10.7, SWR and local pollutants on PN concentrations, DL and CRII were negatively associated with ambient PN in the analyses. These findings suggest that solar activity may have a significant impact on daily ambient PN concentrations that affect the Earth's climate system and human health.Parabens are alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid which are extensively used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and foodstuffs due to their antimicrobial properties. The most commonly used parabens are methyl-(MeP), ethyl-(EtP), propyl-(PrP) and butyl-(BuP) paraben. Most human exposure to parabens is achieved through the consumption of food or pharmaceutical products and the use of personal care products. However, studies on dietary parabens exposure and the associated factors are very scarce. The main aim of the present study was to explore factors associated with dietary exposure to parabens in Spanish adolescents according to gender. Dietary data and anthropometric measures were collected from 585 adolescents (53.4% boys) aged 12-16 years. Selleckchem Ipatasertib Parabens exposure through diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire with food products providing more than 95% of energy and macronutrient intake being included in analysis. Stepwise regression was used to identify the foods that most contributed to parabens intake. Logistic regression was used to evaluate factors predicting higher dietary exposure to parabens. The main contributors to dietary MeP, EtP, PrP and BuP exposure in adolescent boys were eggs (41.9%), canned tuna (46.4%), bakery and baked goods products (57.3%) and pineapple (61.1%). In adolescent girls, the main contributors were apples and pears (35.3%), canned tuna (42.1%), bakery and baked goods products (55.1%) and olives (62.1%). Overweight/obese girls were more likely to belong to the highest tertile of overall parabens intake (odds ratio [OR] 3.32; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.21-9.15) and MeP (OR 3.05; 95% CI 1.14-8.12) than those with a body mass index lower than 25 kg/m2. These findings suggest a positive association between dietary exposure to parabens and overweight/obesity in adolescent girls.Arctic Ocean (AO) atmospheric aerosols, which are a factor influencing regional and global climate, have been greatly influenced by an increase in anthropogenic sources. To identify the impact of anthropogenic sources on regional aerosols in the AO and middle and low latitudes (MLO), a single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer was used to count and size aerosols with diameters less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and determine their chemical composition. The mean hourly count of PM2.5 aerosols was 1639/h in the AO, which was 57.1% lower than that in the MLO. Na_MSA, sulfate, and Na_rich were three major components, which accounted for 74.3% of PM2.5 aerosols in the AO. The size distribution of PM2.5 aerosols was unimodal, peaking between 0.42 μm and 1.64 μm. A source apportionment method for single aerosol particles in the Arctic was established using positive matrix factorization (PMF) combined with backward air mass trajectory and principal component analysis (PCA). Three potential sources of aerosols were identified marine sources; anthropogenic sources; and secondary formation.