Bakpruitt7470

BACKGROUND Limb ischemia (LI) is the underlying pathology of peripheral artery disease (PAD). Macrophages play a critical role in inflammation and can contribute to the exacerbation or reduction of inflammation. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is an emerging therapeutic strategy for PAD. However, the mechanism by which human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) regulate macrophage differentiation in ischemic tissue remains unclear. PF-9366 solubility dmso MATERIAL AND METHODS Placentas were obtained from healthy donors with normal 38- to 40-week gestation, and PMSCs were isolated from the placentas and cultured. A mouse model of hind-limb ischemia was established. Ischemic limbs were injected intramuscularly with about 5×10⁶ PMSCs in the PMSCs group or a placebo solution (phosphate-buffered saline) in the control group at 4 different sites 1 day after the procedure. The blood perfusion of hind-limbs and the histological morphology were observed at day 1, 7, and 14 after the surgical procedure. Macrophagesic benefits in injured ischemic limbs.

Yolk sac tumour (YST) or endodermal sinus tumour is rare and typically seen in gonads.

We described a case of extragonadal vaginal YST in a one year and seven months old girl who presented with vaginal discharge and bleeding, and discuss its differential diagnosis and potential pitfalls in immunohistochemistry. She was found to have a suprapubic mass on examination. The serum alpha fetoprotein was 11919.4 ng/mL. Computed tomography of the pelvis revealed a large 6.4 cm heterogenous pelvic mass. Colposcopic examination of the pelvis showed a fungating vaginal mass that was subsequently confirmed as a yolk sac tumour. Immunohistochemically, the malignant cells were positive toward CKAE1/AE3, AFP and glypican-3, as well as CD117.

Solid pattern extragonadal vaginal YST may morphologically resemble dysgerminoma that is also CD117 positive, while the glandular pattern YST may have clear cytoplasm and is positive for cytokeratin; hence, may resemble clear cell carcinoma. Being mindful of these potential diagnostic caveats is necessary to prevent misdiagnosis.

Solid pattern extragonadal vaginal YST may morphologically resemble dysgerminoma that is also CD117 positive, while the glandular pattern YST may have clear cytoplasm and is positive for cytokeratin; hence, may resemble clear cell carcinoma. Being mindful of these potential diagnostic caveats is necessary to prevent misdiagnosis.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-limiting autosomal recessive disorder as a result of CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene mutation. It has a wide range of disease severity in patients with the same genotype.

A 5-year-old Malay boy with a history of recurrent pneumonia, presented with productive cough, fever and worsening tachypnoea. Physical examination revealed coarse crepitations, reduced breath sounds and clubbing. Biochemical investigations showed that he had respiratory type 2 failure as a result of bronchiectasis. Sweat conductivity done twice was raised supporting a diagnosis of CF. Other investigations such as bronchoscopy to look for congenital anomaly of the lung, infectious disease screening and tuberculosis, fungal and viral culture and sensitivity were negative. Further cascade screening revealed high sweat conductivity results in his siblings.

Although CF prevalence is low in Malaysia, it is nevertheless an important diagnosis to be recognised as it is associated with increased morbidity.

Although CF prevalence is low in Malaysia, it is nevertheless an important diagnosis to be recognised as it is associated with increased morbidity.Trichosporon asahii is a yeast-like fungus that is emerging as an important cause of invasive infections in tertiary medical centres. A 58-year-old Chinese man with no known medical illnesses presented with liver lacerations and multiple fractures following an alleged 12-foot fall at a construction site. The gravity of his injuries and poor haemodynamic status necessitated an intensive care unit (ICU) admission, during which several febrile episodes were detected and multiple antibiotics were administered. After being in the ICU for at least two weeks, a urease-positive yeast was isolated from the patient's blood. The yeast formed dry, fuzzy and wrinkled white colonies on Sabouraud dextrose agar following prolonged incubation, and produced blastoconidia, true hyphae, pseudohyphae and arthroconidia on slide culture. It was identified biochemically by the ID 32 C kit as T. asahii. The yeast had elevated minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values to fluconazole, amphotericin B, flucytosine and all echinocandins tested. In view of this, the patient was treated with voriconazole and was successfully transferred to the general medical ward.

Lymphoma of parapharyngeal space (PPS) is a rare condition. The clinical presentations may vary and often masquerades as infection or an inflammatory condition. A misdiagnosis will lead to a delay in treatment of the disease. Due to the complex anatomy of PPS, any attributed pressure from masses can lead to a life-threatening event such as cardiac syncope.

We report a rare case of PPS B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with superimposed Tuberculosis (TB) and fungal infection that presents with several episodes of syncope and hemodynamic depression.

The clinical entities in PPS lesions syncope and its associated syndromes, pathophysiology, and differential diagnosis together with possible managements are further discussed.

The clinical entities in PPS lesions syncope and its associated syndromes, pathophysiology, and differential diagnosis together with possible managements are further discussed.Oncocytic carcinoma of the salivary gland is an uncommon tumour in the head and neck region. Owing to its rarity, identifying the histopathological features of a malignant tumour can be difficult and challenging. We report a case of a 70-year-old man who presented with a left facial weakness for six months in a background history of left parotid swelling over the past 10 years. Clinical examination revealed a 3x3cm left parotid mass and grade 4 facial nerve palsy. Fine needle aspiration of the mass showed scattered cohesive, monolayered sheets of uniform oncocytic cells. Subsequently, a left total parotidectomy and selective neck dissection were performed. Histological examination showed sheets of small oncocytes with minimal nuclear atypia. Evidence of nerve entrapment, capsular invasion and perivascular permeation were identified in focal areas. Thus, a final diagnosis of oncocytic carcinoma was rendered.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy of the skin, with poor clinical outcomes. Typical conditions include a rapidly growing, solitary dome-shaped, violaceous nodule. Several root causes have been identified - sun exposure, age, lighter skin, immunocompromised state, and polyomavirus infection. Wide local excision is the best treatment. The tumour is radiotherapy-responsive. However, the success rate of the treatment with chemotherapy is rather limited. Immunotherapy has shown promising results. Early detection is important to prevent morbidity and mortality.

In this literature work, we reported on a particular case of MCC, as exhibited by an 84-year-old Chinese woman, and discussed the clinical features and management of MCC.

We highlighted that MCC cases have a link to the polyomavirus 5. Patients who were identified with the Polyomavirus 5, and underwent immunotherapy, were seen to depict much better prognosis.

We highlighted that MCC cases have a link to the polyomavirus 5. Patients who were identified with the Polyomavirus 5, and underwent immunotherapy, were seen to depict much better prognosis.

Lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma may present as an isolated extramedullary mass, which includes the musculoskeletal region involvement with normal or near-normal blood counts. The tumour may be in the form of B or T-lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma. The clinical features and histological morphology of extramedullary B-lymphoblastic lymphoma (B-LBL) may mimic mature B-cell neoplasms, thus posing a diagnostic challenge. Arriving at the right diagnosis is crucial because these two diseases differ in their prognosis and management. A high index of suspicion is therefore important so as not to miss the correct diagnosis. The diagnosis may be overlooked because the clinical presentation may not be typical of B-LBL or the blood counts do not show any abnormalities. In this report, we highlight one such case where the diagnosis of B-LBL was missed because of its atypical presentation.

Lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma may present as an isolated extramedullary mass, which includes the musculoskeletal region involvement with normal or near-normal blood counts. The tumour may be in the form of B or T-lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma. The clinical features and histological morphology of extramedullary B-lymphoblastic lymphoma (B-LBL) may mimic mature B-cell neoplasms, thus posing a diagnostic challenge. Arriving at the right diagnosis is crucial because these two diseases differ in their prognosis and management. A high index of suspicion is therefore important so as not to miss the correct diagnosis. The diagnosis may be overlooked because the clinical presentation may not be typical of B-LBL or the blood counts do not show any abnormalities. In this report, we highlight one such case where the diagnosis of B-LBL was missed because of its atypical presentation.

Majority of Wilms tumour (WT) responds well to pre-operative chemotherapy. In Malaysia, incidence of WT is rare with only two cases reported per one million populations yearly. This case report is to highlight on the awareness of WT in an Asian population and highlight two cases and challenges faced after pre-operative chemotherapy.

In this case series, we report on two cases of WT which had poor response to pre-operative chemotherapy. Both cases underwent surgery after pre-operative chemotherapy and recovery was uneventful during a two-year follow-up.

Both patients had chemotherapy prior planned surgery, but had unfortunate poor tumour response. The tumour progressed in size which required a radical nephrectomy. The histology report for the first case had more than 60% blastemal cells remaining despite giving pre-operative chemotherapy with no focal anaplasia. This showed poor response to chemotherapy evidenced by the high number of blastemal cells. The second case was a stromal type WT which is known for poor response and may lead to enhancement of growth and maturation induced by chemotherapy. These were the possible reason of poor response of WT in these two cases.

Both patients had chemotherapy prior planned surgery, but had unfortunate poor tumour response. The tumour progressed in size which required a radical nephrectomy. The histology report for the first case had more than 60% blastemal cells remaining despite giving pre-operative chemotherapy with no focal anaplasia. This showed poor response to chemotherapy evidenced by the high number of blastemal cells. The second case was a stromal type WT which is known for poor response and may lead to enhancement of growth and maturation induced by chemotherapy. These were the possible reason of poor response of WT in these two cases.