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owever, these changes are smaller than the initial lockdown in March. This may partly be because many individuals were already starting from a lower number of contacts.
Osteosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal bone tumor. Although it is a common tumor in the appendicular skeleton of dogs and cats, it is rarely reported in birds. Retroviruses are usually associated with solid tumor development in different avian species.
This report aims to describe a case of osteosarcoma associated with the avian leukosis virus in a captive bare-faced curassow (Crax fasciolata). A captive adult female bare-faced curassow presented with lameness, hyporexia, and a non-ulcerative and firm tumor in the right femur. The bird was euthanized due to the poor prognosis. Histopathology revealed an infiltrative mesenchymal neoplasm consisting of spindle cells with moderate cell pleomorphism, organized in bundles and interspersed by marked deposition of the osteoid matrix, which was compatible with osteosarcoma affecting both femur and tibiotarsus, with renal metastasis. Immunohistochemistry of the primary and metastatic tumor demonstrated vimentin expression by neoplastic cells. Samples of the neoplasm, bone marrow, and spleen were processed for PCR, which enabled the demonstration of proviral avian leukosis virus (ALV) DNA.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an osteosarcoma in a bare-faced curassow with an unusual polyostotic manifestation and associated with ALV infection.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an osteosarcoma in a bare-faced curassow with an unusual polyostotic manifestation and associated with ALV infection.
Malaria continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa. Community Case Management of malaria (CCMm) which is undertaken by engaging Community Health Workers (CHWs) to effectively address management of malaria cases in some endemic communities was explored in this study. The aim was to assess the needs of CHWs that would help sustain and retain their services to enhance the efficient delivery of CCMm.
Using semi-structured questionnaires, data on the needs of CHWs was gathered through a qualitative study consisting of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) conducted among study participants in five districts in western Kenya. The study participants comprised of 100 CHWs, 100 mothers of children under five years and 25 key informants made up of public health officers and clinicians involved in the CCMm. The interviews were conducted in English and Swahili or Dholuo, the local language. The recorded audio interviews were transcribed later. 2,6-Dihydroxypurine order The analysis was done using Nequisite tools identified in this study.
CHWs would perform tasks better and their services retained for a sustainable CCMm if properly incentivized; offered refresher trainings (and updates) on malaria; and equipped with the requisite tools identified in this study.
Low body weight is associated with poor prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it is not known whether gender modifies this relationship.
We pooled data of 8686 COPD patients from 7 studies with a median length of 36-months of follow up. Using a longitudinal natural cubic spline regression model, we examined the dose-response relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the rate of decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV
) in patients with GOLD 1 and 2 disease, stratified by gender and adjusted for age, smoking status, and cohort effects.
There was an inverse linear relationship between BMI and the rate of FEV
decline in GOLD Grades 1 and 2, which was modified by gender (p < 0.001). In male patients, an increase of BMI by 1kg/m
reduced FEV
decline by 1.05mL/year (95% CI 0.96, 1.14). However, in female patients, BMI status did not have a clinically meaningful impact on FEV
decline an increase of baseline BMI by 1kg/m
reduced FEV
decline by 0.16ml/year (95% CI 0.11, 0.21). These gender-modified relationships were similar between GOLD 1 and 2 patients, and between current and former smokers.
In mild to moderate COPD, higher BMI was associated with a less rapid decline of FEV
in male patients whereas this association was minimal in females patients. This gender-specific BMI effect was independent of COPD severity and smoking status.
In mild to moderate COPD, higher BMI was associated with a less rapid decline of FEV1 in male patients whereas this association was minimal in females patients. This gender-specific BMI effect was independent of COPD severity and smoking status.
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at high risk of cardiovascular mortality, but the mechanisms behind this remain unclear. Prothrombotic fibrin clot properties have been shown in T2DM and cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that formation of denser clots, which are resistant to fibrinolysis, has a negative impact on cardiovascular mortality in T2DM.
We studied 133 T2DM patients aged 43-83years. Plasma fibrin clot turbidity, permeation, compaction, and efficiency of clot lysis using 3 assays including the determination of maximum concentration (D-D
) and rate of increase in D-dimer concentration (D-D
) released during tissue plasminogen activator-induced degradation, were evaluated at the time of enrollment, along with thrombin generation and fibrinolytic proteins. During a median follow-up period of 72months, cardiovascular mortality was recorded.
Cardiovascular deaths (n = 16, 12%) occurred more frequently in patients with increased D-D
(> 4.26mg/l, hazard ratio [HR] 5.43, 95r long-term cardiovascular mortality in T2DM.
Paclitaxel is a widely prescribed chemotherapy drug for treating solid tumors. However, paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is a common adverse effect during paclitaxel treatment, which results in sensory abnormalities and neuropathic pain among patients. Unfortunately, the mechanisms underlying PIPN still remain poorly understood. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are novel and promising targets for chronic pain treatment, but their involvement in PIPN still remains unexplored.
We established a rat PIPN model by repetitive paclitaxel application. Immunostaining, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and bioinformatics analysis were performed to study glia cell activation and explore lncRNA/mRNA expression profiles in spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) of PIPN model rats. qPCR and protein assay were used for further validation.
PIPN model rats developed long-lasting mechanical and thermal pain hypersensitivities in hind paws, accompanied with astrocyte and microglia activation in SCDH. RNA-Seq identified a total of 814 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNA) (including 467 upregulated and 347 downregulated) and 412 DElncRNAs (including 145 upregulated and 267 downregulated) in SCDH of PIPN model rats vs.
