Ayersgade8898

had a higher premature death probability and a slower rate of decline. More intervention and health management of premature male death on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes should be conducted to improve life expectancy further.Objective To assess the relationship between smoking status and sleep duration in male adults in urban-rural areas of 15 provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) in China in 2015. Methods Data were derived from the China Nutritional Transition Cohort Study 2015, a total of 4 419 participants aged 18-64 years, including 1 713 urban males (38.8%) and 2 706 rural males (61.2%), with complete information about smoking status and sleep duration were included in the final analysis. Based on the number of cigarettes consumed daily, the current smokers were classified to be heavy (25 cigarettes/d and above), moderate (15-24 cigarettes/d), and light (1-14 cigarettes/d). see more Sleep duration was classified to be insufficient ( less then 7 h/d), sufficient (7-9 h/d), and excessive (9 h/d and above). Two-level mixed-effects linear and logistic regression models were used for association analysis. Results The smoking rates in male adults in urban and rural areas were 45.7% and 53.8%, respectively. In male heavy smokers in urban and rural areas, the proportions of sufficient sleep were the lowest (66.7% and 68.1%). However, the proportions of sleep deprivation were highest (15.3% and 20.3%). After controlling for confounding factors, the net effect on male heavy smokers was a significant decrease of 0.21 h/d (β=-0.21, 95%CI -0.44 - -0.01) in sleep duration. Moreover, the odds ratio for insufficient sleep were 1.83 (95%CI 1.03-3.23) in male heavy smokers in rural area compared with nonsmokers. Conclusion Heavy smoking is associated with decreased sleep duration and increased risk of sleep deprivation in male adults in rural China.Objective To understand the current status of HIV self-testing reagent use in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and related factors in men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods From December 2018 to December 2019, "Gold data" online platform (www.jinshuju.com) was used to conduct multicenter PrEP studies in Shenyang, Beijing, Chongqing and Shenzhen of China. Results A total of 1 222 MSM PrEP users were included in the multicenter study. The average age of the participants was (31.5±8.7) years, and the number of sexual partners in the past three months was 3 (P25,P752,6). The proportions of those who did not use condoms in anal sex with fixed, casual and commercial partners were 62.7% (456/727), 56.3% (440/781) and 41.0% (16/39), respectively. Up to 74.5% (910/1 222) of participants had used HIV self-testing reagents, and the number of HIV self-testing during last year was 3 (P25,P752,5). The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that compared with age group >40 years, those with education level of junior high school or below, those with psychological identity as female, event driven PrEP users, those never using new type drugs in past 3 months, the participants aged 18- years (aOR=2.06, 95%CI 1.35-3.14), 26- years (aOR=2.72, 95%CI 1.77-4.17), 31- years (aOR=1.76, 95%CI 1.19-2.59), undergraduates (aOR=2.18, 95%CI 1.35-3.49), graduate students and above (aOR=3.06, 95%CI 1.69-5.54), those with psychological identity as male (aOR=3.22, 95%CI 1.55-6.70), daily PrEP users (aOR=1.35, 95%CI 1.03-1.78), and new type drug users in the past three months (aOR=1.72, 95%CI 1.30-2.28) had higher proportions of HIV self-testing behaviors. Conclusions The proportion of HIV self-testing in MSM PrEP users was high, while it was relatively low in older age group, event driven PrEP users and MSM never using new type drugs. To assess and improve the effectiveness and compliance of PrEPs, it is necessary to provide better HIV self-testing service for MSM with low HIV self-testing rate.Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of HIV/syphilis joint self-testing in promoting syphilis testing among men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods In July 2019, the research participants were recruited through the Danlan website (https//www.danlan.org). Participants who met the selection criteria, and were randomly assigned into one of the three study groups (1∶1∶1) including HIV/syphilis joint self-testing group and lottery incentive self-testing group and control group. Self-test reagents were mailed to HIV/syphilis joint self-testing group and lottery incentive self-testing group, and the subjects in control group were encouraged to go to offline locations for testing. One month later, follow-up was conducted to evaluate the differences in the testing rates of syphilis among the three groups. Results A total of 145 subjects were included in this study, including 48 in control group, 49 in HIV/syphilis joint self-testing group and 48 in lottery incentive self-testing group. During the follow-up period, the self-testing rate of syphilis was 74.4% (32/43) in HIV/syphilis joint self-testing group, 70.0% (28/40) in lottery incentive self-testing group and 36.4% (16/44) in control group. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that the proportions of syphilis testing in HIV/syphilis joint self-testing group and lottery incentive self-testing group were 5.38 (95%CI 2.06-14.04) times and 4.54 (95% CI 1.75-11.74) times higher than that in control group during the follow-up period. Conclusions HIV/syphilis joint self-testing and lottery-incentives-prompted self-testing significantly increased the testing rate of syphilis in MSM, respectively. HIV/syphilis joint self-testing is feasible for promotion.Objective To understand the changing trends of HIV testing rates, with a focus on HIV self-testing, and to evaluate the impact of HIV self-testing on expanding HIV testing among MSM in China in past few years. Methods MSM were recruited online nationwide via a gay social networking app (Blued) from 2013 to 2016 and 2018. The survey collected information about socio-demographic backgrounds, sexual behaviors, and prior HIV testing experiences, including HIV self-testing. Trend analyses were conducted. Results Respectively, 1 342, 1 424, 1 173, 2 105 and 699 MSM were recruited nationwide from 2013 to 2016, and in 2018. The mean age was (30.6±6.6)years in 2013 and showed a decreasing trend afterwards. The HIV testing rate was 60.0% (805/1 342) in 2013 and there was a rising trend from 2013 to 2016, and 2018 (trend Z =19.3, P less then 0.001), reaching a peak at 77.3% (540/699) in 2018. Further, the HIV self-testing rate increased from 19.3% (259/1 342) in 2013 to 58.1% (406/699) in 2018 (χ2=237.5, P less then 0.