Axelsenkusk8765

The method combines Urban Atlas (UA) and Corine Land Cover (CLC) with Tree Cover Density, Dominant Leaf Type and Grassland information, to produce a higher-resolution baseline shapefile that is classified according to each feature's dominant characteristics. The LCZC toolbox output is a LCZ raster map. It has been validated in five European cities Athens, Barcelona, Lisbon, Marseille, and Naples.•The LCZC toolbox provides an alternative LCZ GIS-based classification, based on freely accessible CLMS datasets.•The use of CLMS shapefile higher-resolution inputs, particularly the UA and CLC datasets, ensures an output LCZ map that has greater detail and higher accuracy.•The availability of CLMS information in 800 European urban areas guarantees that the method can be replicated in those locations.CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing has made it possible to specifically edit genes in a myriad of target cells. Here, a method for isoform-specific editing and clonal selection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells is described in detail. This approach was used to address a long-standing question in virology of how adenovirus enters polarized epithelia from the apical surface. Our method relies on selecting two sgRNA sequences, cloning them into a suitable fluorescently labeled Cas9 vector system, and subsequently transfecting our MDCK epithelium and selecting isoform-specific Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor knockout clones. Utilization of this method is readily applicable to many other genetic targets in epithelial cells.•Simultaneous utilization of an sgRNA upstream and an sgRNA downstream of a target sequence allows for deletion of the intervening sequence, including whole exons.•Sorting of cells positive for fluorescent marker gene expression enhances the identification of partial and biallelic gene knockout.•PCR screening allows relatively fast and efficient determination of isoform-specific deletion.Adult giant hydronephrosis in a normally sited kidney is unusual during pregnancy. selleck inhibitor The most frequent cause is congenital obstruction at the ureteropelvic junction. Ultrasound accompanied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are valuable in reaching the diagnosis, especially when clinical assessment of an abdominal mass is inconclusive regarding aetiology. We report a case of giant hydronephrosis in a woman who presented at 23 weeks of gestation with abdominal distension. She was managed conservatively. Unfortunately, the pregnancy was complicated by severe pre-eclampsia at 32 weeks of gestation, necessitating delivery via emergency caesarean section. She had a smooth postpartum recovery, and subsequently standard imaging was performed before nephrectomy. The literature and previously reported cases of giant hydronephrosis in pregnancy are reviewed.Used vehicle crankcase oils are a source of contamination in Caribbean marine environments and may alter the oxidative balance of organism that inhabiting coastal ecosystems. This paper aims to evaluate effects of a water-soluble fraction of used vehicle crankcase oils (WSF-UVCO) on the antioxidant responses of the flame scallop Ctenoides scaber. The organisms were exposed to ascending sublethal concentrations 0, 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 % of WSF-UVCO in a static system of aquaria during one week. Subsequently activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) as well as concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined in the digestive gland, adductor muscle and gills. SOD, CAT, GST and TBARS increased in digestive gland of organisms exposed to WSF-UVCO at medium and highest concentrations, with a concomitant decrease in GPX and GR activities. In adductor muscle CAT decreased, but GR rose with exposure to 0.01 and 0.1 % WSF-UVCO; in gills, GST rose through all WSF-UVCO concentrations, and SOD, CAT and GR increased only at 0.1 %. The fluctuations in antioxidant enzymes and GST activities point out possible adjustments to control ROS production and detoxification of xenobiotics. These biochemical responses may guarantee the oxidative balance in flame scallop during short term exposure to low concentrations of WSF-UVCO. C. scaber appears suitable as an experimental organism for evaluating biological risks of sublethal exposure to hazardous xenobiotics in tropical marine environments.

This study investigated the effects of co-administration of carbamazepine (CBZ) with grape (

) seed methanolic extract (GSME) on liver toxicity.

Thirty-five male rats (145-155 g) were randomized into 5 groups (n = 7) and administered with propylene glycol (PG 0.1 mL/day), CBZ (25 mg/kg), CBZ (25 mg/kg) + GSME (200 mg/kg), CBZ (25 mg/kg) + GSME (100 mg/kg), or CBZ (25 mg/kg) + GSME (50 mg/kg) orally for 28 days. Twenty-four hours after the last dose, changes in the body weights were determined. The rats were euthanized by cervical dislocation. The liver was weighed and later homogenized; while the supernatant was analyzed biochemically. The liver tissues were preserved in 10 % neutral-buffered formalin for the histomorphological investigation.

There was significant (p = 0.0001) decrease in the body weight following carbamazepine treatment. The relative liver weight also decreased significantly (p = 0.0004) across the treatment group compared with control. The activities of the liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and glutathione activities), including the concentrations of malondialdehyde, increased significantly (p ≤ 0.0004) following carbamazepine treatment. Various morphological alterations were observed, especially in the photomicrograph of the CBZ treated rats. However, these derangements were attenuated significantly in the CBZ - GSME co-treated group.

This study concludes that GSME treatment may serve as a potential therapeutic agent in carbamazepine-induced hepatotoxicity/ dysfunction.

This study concludes that GSME treatment may serve as a potential therapeutic agent in carbamazepine-induced hepatotoxicity/ dysfunction.Celecoxib is used widely for the acute treatment of pain and for pain relief in various diseases. Furthermore, it shows potential in chemoprevention, although chronic treatment with celecoxib could lead to adverse effects like cardiovascular events. New derivatives of celecoxib were synthesised that may be suitable as chemopreventive agent without inducing adverse effects. Critical endpoint for a safe use of pharmaceuticals is genotoxicity after application. A standard test for the assessment of genotoxicity is the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, that evaluates the number micronuclei after treatment of cells with a test compound as biomarker for DNA damage. Various promising derivatives of celecoxib have been assessed with the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in HeLa-H2B-GFP cells. It could be demonstrated, that neither celecoxib nor its derivatives were genotoxic in this assay and therefore celecoxib derivatives could be developed further for a safe use as chemopreventive agent.In recent years 3D-bioprinting technology has been developed as an alternative to animal testing. It possesses a great potential for in vitro testing as it aims to mimic human organs and physiology. In the present study, an alginate-gelatin-Matrigel based hydrogel was used to prepare 3D-bioprinted HepaRG cultures using a pneumatic extrusion printer. These 3D models were tested for viability and metabolic functions. Using 3D-bioprinted HepaRG cultures, we tested the toxicity of aflatoxin B1 (10 or 20 μM) in vitro and compared the results with 2D HepaRG cultures. There was a dose-dependent toxicity effect on cell viability, reduction of metabolic activity and albumin production. We found that 3D-bioprinted HepaRG cultures are more resistant to aflatoxin B1 treatment than 2D cultures. Although the metabolic activities were reduced upon treatment with aflatoxin B1, the 3D models were still viable and survived longer, up to 3 weeks, than the 2D culture, as visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, albumin production recovered slightly in 3D models after one and two weeks of treatment. Taken together, we consider using 3D-bioprinting technology to generate 3D tissue models as an alternative way to study toxicity in vitro and this could also provide a suitable alternative for chronic hepatotoxicity studies in vitro.Glyoxal (GO), a by-product of glucose auto-oxidation, is involved in the glycation of proteins/ lipids and formation of advanced glycation (AGE) and lipoxidation (ALE) end products. AGE/ALE were shown to contribute to diabetic complications development/progression such as nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy progression has an oxidative nature. Given the antioxidant effects of polyphenols, potential protective effects of resveratrol, curcumin and gallic acid, in rat renal cells treated with GO, were evaluated in the present work. According to our results, incubation of GO with the cells reduced their viability and led to membrane lysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, and lysosomal membrane leakage. These findings were prevented by pre-treatment with resveratrol, curcumin and gallic acid. Mitochondrial and lysosomal toxic interactions appear to worsen oxidative stress/cytotoxicity produced by GO. Resveratrol, curcumin and gallic acid inhibited ROS formation and attenuated GO-induced renal cell death.Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) a common malignancy with potential to metastasize to visceral organs. However, it uncommonly spreads to the lower genitourinary tract. We present a man with a history of RCC status post radical nephrectomy in April 2012. He presented 8 years later with obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms and an elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA). Further imaging showed a large enhancing mass with internal blood vessels posterior to the left prostate and seminal vesicle. A prostate biopsy was performed and consistent with metastatic RCC. He was ultimately treated with immunotherapy and focal stereotactic radioablation.Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an entity which belongs to a spectrum of neoplastic diseases called the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (EFT). EFTs of the kidney represent less than 1% of all renal tumors. Herein, we presented a case of primary renal ES with tumor thrombosis up to vena cava who underwent radical nephrectomy and IVC tumor thrombectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Histopathology showed that the tumor composed of small uniform, dark, round cells arranged in sheets, and rosettoid pattern. The diagnosis of ESFT was confirmed by detecting EWS/FLI-1 fusion gene using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Inserting Double-j ureteral stent is one of the most popular procedures in urology field. There are different indications for indwelling the stent. For some reasons, it could be neglected for a long time despite its importance. We present a case of 52-year-old patient who had a missed fragment of stent in the urinary bladder for two years with stone formation on one end. We successfully removed the stent and the stone. Such a case is considered rare to deal with during urology practice.