Averyswain2603

[Conclusion] Our findings may facilitate a better understanding of the changes in muscle activity of the lower limb muscles due to differences in TA and KA.[Purpose] This study examined the effect of motor functioning, cognitive functioning, and activities of daily living on improvements in care need levels of older adults requiring low-level care at baseline in Japan's Long-Term Care Insurance system. We aimed to link our findings to a proposal for effective measures toward improving care need levels. [Participants and Methods] This retrospective cohort study included 11,585 individuals aged 65 years and above who received personal care and used day-care services continuously for two or more years starting from the baseline assessment. Participants showing an improvement in their care need level from baseline to two years were included in the improved group, and those who maintained or declined from the baseline level were included in the maintained/deteriorated group. [Results] The mental status questionnaire and sub-scores for the Functional Independence Measure, including those for self-care, continence, and social cognition, were significantly correlated with improvements in care need levels. [Conclusion] Conducting a detailed evaluation of these factors is important for gauging the progress of the care need levels of older adults.In addition, it is important for physiotherapists to provide non-rehabilitation professionals with advice and guidance on their assessment methods and remedies.[Purpose] We followed-up patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) for 2 years to assess the prognosis of rotator cuff tears and compared the outcomes of the patients with and without re-rupture. We also examined the usefulness of Shoulder36, a self-assessment tool, for assessing the long-term prognosis in patients undergoing ARCR. [Participants and Methods] We included 28 patients who received occupational therapy pre- and post-ARCR between April 2012 and August 2015 and categorized them based on the occurrence of re-rupture. We followed-up on their prognoses for 2 years using physical examination and Shoulder36 assessment. [Results] Re-rupture occurred in five patients within 3 months of treatment. During the 2 year follow-up, the control group showed a significant improvement in pain and bi-directional active range of motion during physical assessment and in five out of six domains during Shoulder36 assessment. In contrast, the re-rupture group showed significant differences for only three domains of the Shoulder36 assessment twelve months after surgery. [Conclusion] We confirmed the long-term functional improvement and maintenance in the re-rupture group, suggesting that continued rehabilitation, compensatory movements, and detailed guidance on daily life activities are required for patients after ARCR. Furthermore, Shoulder36 can be useful for assessing the prognosis of patients with and without re-rupture.[Purpose] To help patients who had a stroke resume automobile driving, we evaluated their ability to recognize three-dimensional space like that experienced in actual driving situations, with a focus on sensing car width. [Participants and Methods] Seven patients who had a stroke and 29 healthy adults participated in the study. Three 50-cm-wide chairs and 2 panels, 3 m apart, were placed 9 m from the chair in which the participant sat. One panel was fixed and the other panel could be moved toward the fixed panel in a horizontal direction. The participants were asked to signal when they believed that the width of the chair was the same as the space between the panels. [Results] In the simulation of driving a real car, the mean error in judging distance was 13.2 ± 10.4 cm for the Healthy group and that of the Stroke group was two times greater than that of the Healthy group. [Conclusion] These findings show that spatial recognition cannot be evaluated using paper-based two-dimensional higher brain function tests. To help patients who had a stroke resume driving requires evaluation of three-dimensional spatial recognition ability under circumstances that simulate actual driving situations.[Purpose] We aimed to determine the relationship between gait speed and diaphragm thickness in community-residing patients with hemiplegia caused by cerebrovascular accidents. [Participants and Methods] We recruited 11 elderly participants (six male and five female, mean age 71.1 ± 13.6 years) from an outpatient rehabilitation unit. The inclusion criteria were as follows patients with hemiplegia caused by cerebrovascular accidents, those able to walk without assistance, and those able to understand our instructions. We measured the diaphragm thickness on both the paretic and non-paretic sides in each participant during maximum exhalation and inhalation during three laboured breaths by ultrasonography with a 7.5-MHz linear scanner. The liner scanner was placed on the eighth or ninth rib between the anterior and middle axillary lines. And their gait speed was measured during a 10 m walk. [Results] There was a strong positive correlation between gait speed and the ratio of diaphragm thickness between the paretic and the non-paretic sides during maximal inspiration. The other measured parameters did not show significant correlation with gait speed. [Conclusion] The symmetrical thickness of the diaphragm is a key factor in increasing gait speed in patients with hemiplegia. These findings may contribute to the development of trunk muscle strength-training programs that improve trunk function and gait speed in patients with hemiplegia.[Purpose] To evaluate mobility of the sacroiliac joint and plantar pressure changes. [Participants and Methods] This was an analytical study comprised of 300 participants, using a functional kinetic evaluation involving the test of standing flexion (SFT), the test of Downing, the test of Gillet, and the analysis of baropodometry. [Results] There was an association between mobility of the sacroiliac joint and the standing center of gravity. However, the mobility of this joint was not associated with plantar pressure and the plantar contact area. [Conclusion] These data suggest that sacroiliac mobility is linked to the center of gravity. This connection may precede sacroiliac dysfunction and may help to improve the accuracy of the tests.Past research has shown that perfectionism, can negatively impact self-esteem. However, the mediating factors that explain this relationship remain unclear. The current study aimed to investigate whether specific cognitive processes, namely, self-critical rumination and associated metacognitions, mediate this relationship. An opportunity sample of 347 participants completed a battery of online questionnaires measuring clinical perfectionism, self-critical rumination, metacognitions about self-critical rumination, self-esteem, and levels of psychological distress. Several hypotheses were tested to examine the associations between the study variables. Following this, a path analysis was used to determine whether the influence of perfectionistic concerns and perfectionistic striving on self-esteem is mediated by positive metacognitions about self-critical rumination, self-critical rumination, and negative metacognitions about self-critical rumination, serially. Positive metacognitions about self-critical rumination, self-critical rumination, and negative metacognitions about self-critical rumination partially mediated the relationship between perfectionistic concerns and self-esteem and fully mediated the relationship between perfectionistic striving and self-esteem. These results point towards possible interventions for those who struggle with low self-esteem due to their perfectionistic tendencies. find more Further investigations should explore additional factors that help to explain why perfectionism impacts self-esteem levels, whilst also addressing the limitations of this current research.This paper assesses the impact of age and ideological identification on the left-right scale on the use of online social networks to acquire political information. Socio-demographic indicators and ideological identification have been found to impact democratic engagement and the access and use of social networks. In countries where the digital divide (access to the internet) and digital inequality (use of the internet) coexist, the impact of socio-demographic indicators is stronger, as those with fewer tools and resources have less access and make less use of social networks for democratic engagement. We postulate three hypotheses on the effect of socio-demographic determinants and ideological identification and test them using 6 national polls conducted between 2017 and 2019 in Chile, a middle-income country with high levels of inequality. Though socio-demographic variables and ideological identification impact the use of social networks to acquire political information, young people who do not identify on the ideological scale are as likely to use social networks to obtain political information as older people who identify on the left-right scale. As generational replacement kicks in, online democratic engagement will become more intense. Even the non-ideological youth is more politically engaged than the ideologically identified older age cohorts.Research on belief in conspiracy theories identified many predictors but often failed to investigate them together. In the present study, we tested how the most important predictors of beliefs in conspiracy theories explain endorsing COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 conspiracy theories and conspiracy mentality. Apart from these three measures of conspiratorial thinking, participants (N = 354) completed several measures of epistemic, existential, and social psychological motives, as well as cognitive processing variables. While many predictors had significant correlations, only three consistently explained conspiratorial beliefs when included in one model higher spirituality (specifically eco-awareness factor), higher narcissism, and lower analytical thinking. Compared to the other two conspiratorial measures, predictors less explained belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories, but this depended on items' content. We conclude that the same predictors apply to belief in both COVID and non-COVID conspiracies and identify New Age spirituality as an important contributor to such beliefs.Giant parathyroid adenoma (GPA) is defined as adenoma larger than 3.5 g. Twenty-one cases of parathyroid mass >3.5 g in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent parathyroidectomy in Hospital Putrajaya, Malaysia were identified. Most cases presented with nephrolithiasis. Two cases are reported as parathyroid cancer. GPA has significantly higher serum calcium and iPTH levels and can be asymptomatic. Parathyroid carcinoma patients are frequently symptomatic, with large tumors. Differentiating GPA from parathyroid cancer is important as it determines the subsequent surgical intervention.Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) secretion is uncommon, accounting for 9 to 18% of cases; approximately 10% of ACTH producing tumours are caused by thymic carcinomas.1 We describe a young lady who presented with Cushing's syndrome secondary to a primary neuroendocrine tumour (NET) arising from the thymus. She had surgical resection of her primary tumour with remission of her Cushing's syndrome however subsequently went on to have locoregional recurrence followed by distant metastases to her bilateral ovaries. She underwent 6 surgeries including bilateral adrenalectomy and had 3 cycles of chemotherapy over the course of the 8 years since her diagnosis. Due to the rarity and highly aggressive nature of this disease, we highlight the need for a multidisciplinary team approach and use of multiple modalities in the management of our patient. Timely use of bilateral adrenalectomy particularly in young patients is important to prevent further complications and facilitate other treatment modalities.