Ashworthschack9705

Altogether, PMMA-NPs activated the organism's antioxidant defenses and induced alterations in lipid metabolism pathways and genotoxicity in the blood cells of gilthead seabream.A novel reduction reaction for extracting Cr2O3 from chromite ores is demonstrated by excluding the formation of carcinogenic chromate (Cr6+) intermediates. We have investigated in detail the underpinning high-temperature reduction reaction FeCr2O4+Na2CO3+2[C]=[Fe]+Na2Cr2O4+3CO(g), which defines the process chemistry for the formation of sodium chromite (Na2CrO2) as an intermediate product for Cr2O3 extraction. After high-temperature reduction, the magnetic separation, aqueous and acid leaching of reaction products yielded 81 wt% and 70 wt% pure Cr2O3 from low (∼4 wt%) and high (>8 wt%) silica-containing chromite ores, respectively. The process diagram explains the extraction of Cr2O3, Fe-Cr alloy, Al2O3, and MgO-Al2O3-silicate, reuse of CO2 for Na2CO3 recovery, and energy generation from CO combustion for demonstrating Cr6+-free extraction of metallic and mineral values from chromite ores. The process chemistry demonstrates the extraction of 75-80 % pure Cr2O3 from NaCrO2 by leaching with 0.05-0.5 M dilute H2SO4 in controlled pH conditions. The detailed chemical analysis of leachates after Cr2O3 extraction shows that the acid leachates with residual concentrations of ∼150 ppm Cr3+-ions can be recycled in situ for reusing water, for eliminating the risk of Cr6+-ion formation from atmospheric oxidation. The novel extraction route may be able to displace the current oxidative process for chromite ore processing by retrofitting.Presently, biocyanidation technology is being usually adopted to recover precious metals from an increasing quantity of waste printed circuit boards. The main aim of this work was to investigate the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas and its ability to leach precious metals. Based on batch experiments, strain 113 showed the highest biofilm-forming activity in optimal culture conditions of pH 7.0, 25 °C, and 1/25 NB medium among the Pseudomonas strains isolated. Both low concentrations of Cu2+ (500 ppm) and Ag+ (2.5 ppm) promoted biofilm formation. Under the optimal culture conditions for biofilm formation, the concentration of CN- was up to 5.0 ppm. In the continuous silver leaching experiment, the Ag+ concentration reached 4.0 ppm and the leaching efficiency was 14.7 % at 7 d. The results of this study may contribute to the construction of a bioreactor used for continuous leaching of waste printed circuit boards in an attempt to recover precious metals. Our results may also aid in the industrialization of biocyanidation technology.Concerns are growing about the increasing amounts of microplastics (MPs) and their ecological impacts, especially the influences of "plastisphere" in the freshwater ecosystems. Although the microbial structure and composition of biofilms are investigated, knowledge of their microbial functions remains limited. Herein, we investigated the functional diversity of carbon metabolism in biofilms colonizing one inert (glass) and two MPs as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates incubated for 44 days in situ in the Niushoushan River, the Qinhuai River, and Donghu Lake. 2D confocal laser scanning microscopy images visualized distinct micro-structures and biofilm compositions on three substrates. BIOLOG ECO microplates indicated variation on carbon utilization capacities of biofilms of inert and MPs in three freshwater ecosystems. Biofilms on PET showed lower capacities and carbon metabolism rates than those on glass and PVC, indicating the presence of substrate-specific functional diversity. The Shannon-Wiener diversity, Simpson diversity and Shannon evenness indices for the Niushoushan River and Donghu Lake were ordered as glass > PVC > PET. Besides to MPs-specific factors, environmental factors including nutrient (i.e., TN and TP) and turbidity largely shaped biofilm carbon metabolism. Overall findings demonstrated that as specific niches, MPs influenced microbial-mediated carbon cycling in the freshwater ecosystems and MPs-promoted microbial communities posed ecological significance.In water environments, nylon microplastics (MPs) and heavy metals are two kinds of common pollutants. This study investigated the adsorption of three divalent metals (Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II)) onto collected nylon MPs as function of contact time, temperature, solution pH, ionic strength and concentration of fulvic acid (FA). The kinetic data fitted well with the Elovich and pseudo-second order equations. The result of shrinking core model (SCM) confirms that the adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) was mainly controlled by intraparticle diffusion. The adsorption of three metal ions onto collected nylon MPs is spontaneous, endothermic, with an increased randomness in nature. The Langmuir and Freundlich models successfully described the adsorption isotherms. The speciation distributions of three divalent metals in aqueous solutions were identified to analyze the effects of initial solution pH, ionic strength and fulvic acid concentrations on the adsorption amounts. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicates the importance of surface O-containing groups of collected nylon MPs in controlling the adsorption of three metal ions. This research provides a clear theoretical basis for the behavior of nylon MPs as heavy metals (Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II)) carrier and highlights their environmental toxicity, which deserves to be further concerned.The chloride salt derived from the rare earth smelting wastewater was effectively dislodged using Friedel's salt precipitation assisted with ultrasonic enhancement. VX-11e cost Various single factors such as the reagent ratio, temperatures, reaction time and agitation speed were determined and investigated systematically. Results showed that the optimal single-stage removal efficiency were 88.22% and 80.89% with and without ultrasonic strengthen, respectively. The particle size distribution, morphology and elemental analysis of the precipitation were carried out by TEM, SEM, EDS and XRD analysis. These results revealed that the effect of ultrasonic has been given prominence to the removal efficiency of chloride salt. It is attributed to the cavitation and mechanical disturbance effect of ultrasound. In order to further decline the chloride, a two-stage de-chlorination carried out, the result indicated that the concentration of chloride was 120 mg/L and 430 mg/L with and without ultrasonic strengthening afterwards two-stage de-chlorination, respectively.