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There is growing evidence that intestinal proteases have a role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), has an additional source of proteases represented by infiltrated and activated inflammatory cells. The aim of our study was to determine proteolytic system activity in patients with CD and UC. We limited the number of proteases tested by determining proteases active in acidic, neutral and alkaline pH.

The study included 40 patients with IBD - 20 CD patients and 20 UC patients. The control group consisted of 20 healthy subjects. Among the 20 CD patients, 17 were treated with aminosalicylates, 14 with azathioprine, and 4 with corticosteroids, while 8 patients were undergoing biological treatment. Among the 20 UC patients, 19 were treated with aminosalicylates, 8 with azathioprine, and 3 with corticosteroids. 3-TYP The total protein concentration was assayed by the Lowry method. The optimal p (8.6) protease inhibitors were higher in CD patients in the active phase in comparison to remission. In UC patients with exacerbation of the disease, the activity of alkaline (pH 8.6) protease inhibitors was increased compared to remission.

1. Our research may suggest that the immunomodulatory treatment used in IBD, aimed at reducing the level of leukocytes and reduction of inflammation, may contribute to a reduction in protease activity. 2. The decrease of protease activities in patients with CD and UC in remission may be a marker suggesting the patients' response to the treatment.

1. Our research may suggest that the immunomodulatory treatment used in IBD, aimed at reducing the level of leukocytes and reduction of inflammation, may contribute to a reduction in protease activity. 2. The decrease of protease activities in patients with CD and UC in remission may be a marker suggesting the patients' response to the treatment.

Pain and inflammatory disorders are the most prevalent syndromes. Different herbs were used for treatment of pain and inflammation including members of the genus

. As a result, this research investigated the

analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of 80% methanol leaf extract of

in mice.

The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the plant was evaluated using hot plate method, acetic-acid induced writhing test, and carrageenan and formalin induced paw edema. Three experimental groups (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) received the extract while morphine 10 mg/kg and aspirin 150 mg/kg were used as a positive control for analgesic and anti-inflammatory tests accordingly. Distilled water (10 mL/kg) was used as negative control.

From the experimental groups, OI400 displayed significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities (

<0.001). In acetic acid induced writhing tests, the number of writhes decreased significantly (

<0.001) in all experimental groups. Similarly, OI400 reduced the mean paw edema significantly in carrageenan and formalin induced paw edema (

<0.05 and

<0.001, respectively).

In general, the results obtained in this study demonstrated that the extract exhibited significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential in mice.

In general, the results obtained in this study demonstrated that the extract exhibited significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential in mice.Higher demands on skin care cosmetic products for strong performance drive intense research to understand the mechanisms of skin aging and design strategies to improve overall skin health. Today we know that our needs and influencers of skin health and skin aging change throughout our life journey due to both extrinsic factors, such as environmental factors and lifestyle factors, as well as our intrinsic factors. Furthermore, we need to consider our microflora, a collection of micro-organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, which is a living ecosystem in our gut and on our skin, that can have a major impact on our health. Here, we are viewing a holistic approach to understand the collective effect of the key influencers of skin health and skin aging both reviewing how each of them impact the skin, but more importantly to identify molecular conjunction pathways of these different factors in order to get a better understanding of the integrated "genome-microbiome-exposome" effect. For this purpose and in tion, this model will aid in identifying and optimizing skin treatment options based on external triggers, as well as helping to design optimal treatments modulating the intrinsic pathways.Lipoma belongs to a group of benign mesenchymal tumors. It is in the form of soft masses of adipose tissue encapsulated by a thin layer of fibrous tissue and usually localized subcutaneously. The tumor most often appears in the upper part of the body. Lipomas tend to grow slowly and are small (less than 5cm) lesions. Larger tumors are rare. In this article, we present the case of a patient with a giant head lipoma in the fronto-temporo-parietal region. Both tumor size and location are unique and no such case has been described in the literature so far.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was reported to have higher prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke compared with people without DR. However, whether DR had similar effects on CHD and stroke in US adults with diabetes was not well known. This study was to compare the association between DR, CHD and stroke in US adults with diabetes using the 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).

Respondents with diabetes aged over 18 years and undergone a fundus examination over the past 2 years were included in this study. DR, CHD and stroke were self-reported. A weighted hierarchical logistic regression was used to examine the association of DR with CHD and stroke.

A total of 21,049 respondents with diabetes aged over 18 years having undergone a fundus examination over the past 2 years were included in the analysis. There were 4690 people reported having CHD, accounting for the weighted prevalence 22.1%. The weighted prevalence of stroke was 9.6%. There was 28.3% of CHD people who had DR which was higher than that in people without CHD.