Arildsenkoch5134

The appendage of "halal" to a product is not just a guarantee that the product is permitted for Muslims, but it has also become favorable lifestyle choice globally. However, the expansion of halal pharmaceutical market was hindered by lack of global halal standards for pharmaceutical ingredients and product integrity analytical methodology.

This work aimed to explore the possibility of using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics to develop multivariate models to authenticate the "halal-ity" of pharmaceutical excipients with controversial halal status (e.g., magnesium stearate).

The FTIR spectral fingerprints of the substance were used to build principal component analysis (PCA) models. The effects of different spectral pretreatment processes such as auto-scaling, baseline correction, standard normal variate (SNV), first, and second derivatives were evaluated. The optimization of the model performance was established to ensure the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the predicted models.

Significant peaks corresponding to the properties of the compound were identified. For both bovine and plant-derived magnesium stearate, the peaks associated can be seen within the regions 2900cm

(C-H), 2800cm

(CH

), 1700cm

(C=O), and 1000-1300cm

(C-O). There was not much difference observed in the FTIR raw spectra of the samples from both sources. The quality and accuracy of the classification models by PCA and soft independent modeling classification analogy (SIMCA) have shown to improve using spectra optimized by first derivative followed by SNV smoothing.

This rapid and cost-effective technique has the potential to be expanded as an authentication strategy for halal pharmaceuticals.

This rapid and cost-effective technique has the potential to be expanded as an authentication strategy for halal pharmaceuticals.

A geriatric syndrome is a group of signs and symptoms that occur in older people and do not fit into a discrete disease. Several medications were reported to be associated with the incidence of geriatric syndromes.

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and pattern of medications associated with geriatric syndromes (MAGSs) among the discharged elderly patients (≥65 years old).

This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted at a Malaysian teaching hospital from October to December 2018. The discharge medications of geriatric patients were reviewed to identify MAGSs using Beers criteria, Lexicomp drug information handbook, and the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) drug inserts. Chi-square test was used to compare MAGS prescribed between categories. Spearman's rank-order correlation was used to test the correlation between the presence of MAGS and the number of discharge medications. A binomial logistic regression was applied to determine the predictors of prescrhe prescribing of MAGSs occurred in half of the discharged elderly patients. Physicians should be aware of the medications that are associated with special side effects in the elderly patients, and should switch to safer alternatives when possible.

Robusta coffee (

) is one of the many crops cultivated in Aceh, and at present is only being used as a drink. Research has shown the potential of many pharmacological uses for coffee, including its use as a remedy to treat diabetes. Effervescent granules are one of the oral dosage forms that can not only mask the unpleasant taste of bioactive substances, but also have a high aesthetic value and can contain relatively large doses of bioactive substances. Previous research has shown that ethanolic extract of robusta green coffee beans at 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) rat yielded the highest percentage of glucose reduction. On the basis of that research, the dosage was used in this study to be formulated into effervescent granule.

This study aimed to find the best formulation of effervescent granules preparation using various concentrations of effervescent salt that meets the general requirements of effervescent dosage forms. The concentrations of citric acid, tartaric acid, and sodium bicarbonate used in sequence were 7.35%, 14.7%, and 25% (F1); 8.08%, 16.17%, and 27.5% (F2); and 8.82%, 17.64%, and 30% (F3), respectively. Robusta green coffee beans were extracted using the maceration method.

Secondary metabolite screening of extract showed that it contained alkaloid, saponin, phenolic, and flavonoid metabolites. Effervescent granules were evaluated and F1 and F2 did not qualify the flowability standard of the granules, whereas F3 qualified in all the evaluation standards.

On the basis of these results, F3 produced the best effervescent granules that met the general standards of the effervescent dosage forms.

On the basis of these results, F3 produced the best effervescent granules that met the general standards of the effervescent dosage forms.

Patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) are commonly associated with peritonitis. However, little is known about the utilization of antibiotics for the treatment of peritonitis in these patients.

This study aimed to evaluate the patterns of intraperitoneal (IP) antibiotic utilization for the treatment of peritonitis in CAPD patients.

This is a retrospective study conducted at a tertiary hospital setting in Malaysia. Medical records of CAPD patients who were diagnosed with peritonitis and registered with National Kidney Registry from 2013 to 2018 were reviewed. Types of antibiotics used and its dose and duration were recorded and reported using the anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose (ATC/DDD) system.

A total of 105 peritonitis episodes were recorded from 72 patients. The most common first-line empirical antibiotic combinations used were ceftazidime/cefazolin (40%,

= 42), followed by cefepime/cefazolin (30.5%,

= 32) and ceftazidime/cloxacillin (25.7%,

y. Future studies to evaluate the clinical outcomes of the antibiotic use should be conducted to have a better insight on the efficacy of the peritonitis treatment.

Tinea pedis is a dermatophyte infection of human feet, especially between the fingers and soles of the feet. Tinea pedis is caused by a fungal infection of

. Red onion is one of the spices that has been widely known by the community and used as a traditional medicine in the prevention of fungus. learn more The objective of this research was to determine the antifungal activity of gel produced from an extract of red onion on

.

The gel was formulated with various concentration of red onion, FI with a concentration of extract (5%), F2 (7.5%). and F3 (12.5%). Each formula tested the physical characteristics and antifungal activity toward

. The antifungal activity was determined by the agar well-diffusion method using Saboround Dextrose Agar plates. Furthermore, the antifungal activities were assessed by the presence or absence of inhibition zones after the plates were incubated at 28

C for 7 days.

F3 has the greatest inhibitory power than F1 and F2 (

< 0.05). Then, F3 has the same inhibitory power as a positive control (

> 0.