Andreasendixon9163

Cognitive impairment is a common and disabling feature of multiple sclerosis (MS), but a precise characterization of cognitive phenotypes in patients with MS is lacking.

To identify cognitive phenotypes in a clinical cohort of patients with MS and to characterize their clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features.

This multicenter cross-sectional study consecutively screened clinically stable patients with MS and healthy control individuals at 8 MS centers in Italy from January 1, 2010, to October 31, 2019. Patients with MS and healthy control individuals who were not using psychoactive drugs and had no history of other neurological or medical disorders, learning disability, severe head trauma, and alcohol or drug abuse were enrolled.

Participants underwent a neurological examination and a cognitive evaluation with the Rao Brief Repeatable Battery and Stroop Color and Word Test. selleck compound A subgroup of participants also underwent a brain MRI examination. Latent profile analysis was used on cognitive tdate nucleus.

This study found that by defining homogeneous and clinically meaningful phenotypes, the limitations of the traditional dichotomous classification in MS can be overcome. These phenotypes can represent a more meaningful measure of the cognitive status of patients with MS and can help define clinical disability, support clinicians in treatment choices, and tailor cognitive rehabilitation strategies.

This study found that by defining homogeneous and clinically meaningful phenotypes, the limitations of the traditional dichotomous classification in MS can be overcome. These phenotypes can represent a more meaningful measure of the cognitive status of patients with MS and can help define clinical disability, support clinicians in treatment choices, and tailor cognitive rehabilitation strategies.

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a highly disabling but often misdiagnosed disorder. The best management options for patients with SIH are still uncertain.

To provide an objective summary of the available evidence on the clinical presentation, investigations findings, and treatment outcomes for SIH.

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on SIH. Three databases were searched from inception to April 30, 2020 PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane. The following search terms were used in each database spontaneous intracranial hypotension, low CSF syndrome, low CSF pressure syndrome, low CSF volume syndrome, intracranial hypotension, low CSF pressure, low CSF volume, CSF hypovolemia, CSF hypovolaemia, spontaneous spinal CSF leak, spinal CSF leak, and CSF leak syndrome.

Original studies in English language reporting 10 or more patients with SIH were selected by consensus.

D objective summary of the evidence on SIH that could be useful in guiding clinical practice and future research.

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension should not be excluded on the basis of a nonorthostatic headache, normal neuroimaging findings, or normal lumbar puncture opening pressure. Despite the heterogeneous nature of the studies available in the literature and the lack of controlled interventional studies, this systematic review offers a comprehensive and objective summary of the evidence on SIH that could be useful in guiding clinical practice and future research.

To explore the association of choroidal vascularity and choriocapillaris blood perfusion with myopic severity in anisomyopes.

Refractive error, axial length (AL), and other biometric parameters were measured in 34 anisomyopic young adults. Macular choroidal thickness (ChT) and choroidal vascularity, including total choroidal area (TCA), luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA), and choroidal vascularity index (CVI), were determined from swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) vertical and horizontal B-scans. The percentage of choriocapillaris flow voids (FV%) was obtained from en face SS-OCT-angiography.

The spherical equivalent refraction (SER) was -3.35 ± 1.25 diopters in the more myopic eyes and -1.25 ± 1.17 diopters in the less myopic eyes (P < 0.001). The interocular difference in SER was highly correlated with that in AL (P < 0.001). The macular ChT, TCA, LA, and SA were smaller in the more myopic eyes than in the less myopic eyes in both vertical and horizontal scans (all P < 0.001). Importantly, the CVIs in vertical and horizontal scans were smaller and the FV% was greater in the more myopic eyes (P < 0.05). In vertical scans, the interocular difference in CVIs was correlated with that in the SER, AL, and ChT (all P < 0.05). The interocular difference in FV% was correlated with that in SER, AL, and vertical and horizontal ChTs (all P < 0.05).

Choroidal vascularity and choriocapillaris blood perfusion were lower in the more myopic eyes of anisomyopic adults. These changes were correlated with the severity of myopia and choroidal thinning, indicating that choroidal blood flow is disturbed in human myopia.

Choroidal vascularity and choriocapillaris blood perfusion were lower in the more myopic eyes of anisomyopic adults. These changes were correlated with the severity of myopia and choroidal thinning, indicating that choroidal blood flow is disturbed in human myopia.

To investigate the distribution of white-to-white (WTW) distance and its associations with other biometric parameters in Chinese cataractous eyes.

Data on 39,986 eyes from 23,627 Chinese cataract patients were analyzed. Ocular biometric parameters, including WTW distance, corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), central corneal thickness (CCT), and axial length (AL), were obtained using the ZEISS IOLMaster 700.

The mean age of patients was 63.7 ± 12.4 years, and 57.61% were female. The mean WTW distance was 11.69 ± 0.46 mm. The WTW distance was larger in male patients than in female patients for all age groups (all P < 0.001). The WTW distance was positively correlated with corneal curvature and ACD and negatively correlated with age, LT, and CCT (all P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis revealed that a larger WTW distance was associated with younger age; male gender; larger corneal curvature, ACD, and LT; and thinner CCT (all P < 0.001). Notably, the association between WTW distance and AL was not linear.