Andersenomar7078

Endemic relapsing fever (RF) is one of the most important arthropod-borne diseases caused by various types of Borrelia and transmitted by soft tick species. The investigation of the distribution of vectors in a region can help control and prevent the disease. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of Ornithodoros tholozani and Ornithodoros lahorensis in Iran and to identify the most influential climatic variables affecting their distribution. The ecological niche model was used in Maxent to predict the environmental suitability of the studied species. A review was conducted on the earlier studies carried out in Iran (1977-2018), and the coordinates of collection sites for these two ticks were recorded. Nineteen bioclimatic variables were used for the modelling. The main vectors of RF were reported from 13 provinces, 43 counties and more than 160 villages in Iran. The rate of Borrelia spp. infection was higher in O. tholozani (36%) than in other soft ticks. The annual mean temperature and precipitation seasonality were the most important factors affecting the distribution of RF vectors. The north-western regions of Iran were found to provide the best environmental needs for these vectors. Therefore, special attention should be paid to control the disease by managing contact with soft ticks in these areas.In Peru, only 12.7% (n=207) of fish species have had some record as parasitic metazoan hosts. The objective of this investigation was to determine the community of helminth parasites in black cusk-eel Genypterus maculatus (Tschudi, 1846) of north Peru. Fifty specimens of G. maculatus from Puerto Pimentel, province of Chiclayo, department of Lambayeque, Peru were evaluated. GSK3368715 purchase For the analysis of the parasitic community, the parasitological ecological indexes of prevalence (P), mean abundance (MA), mean intensity (MI) of infection, the dispersion indices, the correlation between total length (TL) and sex of fish vs parasitological ecological indexes, were calculated. The component community of the parasitic helminths in the evaluated fish was dominated by the presence of endoparasitic flatworms and absence of ectoparasites. The parasitic fauna of G. maculatus included eight endoparasitic species, four trematodes, two cestodes, one acanthocephalan and one nematode species. The species with the highest prevalence and abundance were Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819), Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 and Corynosoma australe Johnston, 1937. The prevalence of infection of C. australe was found positively related to the total length of G. maculatus. The sex of G. maculatus was not found associated with the P, MA and MI of any of the helminth parasites. This is the first study of ecological aspect in the parasitic fauna of G. maculatus made in Peru.Cutaneous leishmaniosis (CL) is mainly caused by Leishmania major (rural-type) and Leishmania tropica (urban-type). CL is a major health problem in many regions of the world, and it is associated with health complications and economic loss. The identification and differentiation of Leishmania species are critical because the prevention and control methods, as well as management and therapeutic strategies, are different for each type of CL. The present study aimed to identify the parasite species responsible for CL in the study area using ITS1 and HSP70- based PCR-RFLP methods. A total of 147 stained slides were prepared from samples collected from CL patients, and these slides were positive for amastigotes of Leishmania species on microscopic examination. Forty-three Giemsastained slides with 2+ to 4+ grades were selected for molecular studies for the identification of the Leishmania species. DNA was extracted from the selected slides for the molecular studies. The amplification of HSP70 and ITS1 genes was performed by the PCR method. The PCR products were digested with the HaeIII restriction enzyme, and banding patterns of all samples were compared with reference strains. Overall, patterns of all the samples were found to correspond to the reference strains of L. major based on RFLP-PCR targeting HSP70 and ITS1 genes of the parasite, demonstrating the dominance of L. major as the causative agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniosis (zCL) in the study area. This area is endemic for zoonotic CL, and further studies are required to determine the reservoir and natural infection of sand flies in this county.Parasitic diseases are one of the dominant pathological entities with significant consequences on camel productivity. This survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of camel infection with internal and external parasites in two regions in southern Algeria, between January and December 2015. The investigation of external parasites was carried out in Oued Souf and concerned 406 camels. For internal parasites, two studies were conducted; the first was realized at the slaughterhouse in the Ouargla and concerned 273 camels and the second study was realized in Oued Souf region which aimed to search for digestive parasites; therefore, 64 samples of camel faeces were taken. The results showed that 232/406 (57.14%), 114/406 (28%) and 67/406 (16.5%) camels were infested with ticks, scabies and ringworms, respectively. Camels were significantly more infested with ticks than scabies and ringworms (p less then 0.001). The identification of ticks revealed Hyalomma dromedarii (83.98%), Hyalomma impeltatum (10.58%), Amblyomma variegatum (5.12%) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (0.32%). Camels were more infested with H. dromedarii (p less then 0.001). For internal parasites, 22/64 (34.37%) camels were found infected with digestive strongyles of which 8/64 (12.5%) were infected with Nematodirus sp. At the Ouargla slaughterhouse, 23/273 (8.42%) camels were revealed infected with hydatid cyst. Camels appear to be highly parasitized in Algeria and its cohabitation with other animal species increases the risk of its contamination. Therefore, it is important to take into consideration the parasitism of the camel in Algeria and appropriate control measures are recommended in order to improve camel productivity.